メトキシクロル 化學特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶性粉末～粉末
溶解性
水に難溶 (0.1 g/1l水), 芳香族系, 塩素系, ケトン系溶媒に易溶, その他多くの有機溶剤と混和。水0.1mg/l(25℃)。芳香族, 塩素化, ケトン系,植物油などの溶媒に易溶。クロロホルム, キシレン440, メタノール50(全てg/kg22℃)。
用途
メトキシクロル試験用標準品。
用途
農薬(殺蟲剤)
農薬用途
殺蟲剤
説明
Methoxychlor is a structural analogue of DDT but is not
as persistent in the environment as DDT.
化學的特性
Methoxychlor is a colourless or pale yellow, crystalline synthetic organochlorine insecticide with mild fruity odour. It is available in the form of powder or crystals. Methoxychlor is moderately soluble in water and is soluble in a variety of organic solvents.
物理的性質
White to gray, or pale yellowish-orange crystals or powder. Nonflammable but may be combustible
if dissolved in a flammable organic solvent or petroleum distillate for application. Pungent to
mild, fruity odor. Odor threshold concentration in water is 4.7 mg/kg (quoted, Keith and Walters,
1992).
使用
Methoxychlor is effective against flies, mosquitos, cockroaches,
and a wide variety of other insects. This insecticide is used on
agricultural crops and livestock, and in animal feed, barns, and
grain storage bins. Some pesticide products that contain
methoxychlor are used for controlling insects in gardens or on pets.
一般的な説明
METHOXYCHLOR is a white crystalline solid which is often dissolved in a liquid carrier such as diesel oil. METHOXYCHLOR can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. If dissolved in a liquid carrier, METHOXYCHLOR can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. METHOXYCHLOR is used as a pesticide.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
METHOXYCHLOR turns pink or tan on exposure to light. METHOXYCHLOR is incompatible with alkaline materials, especially in the presence of catalytically-active metals. METHOXYCHLOR is slightly corrosive to iron and aluminum. METHOXYCHLOR is decomposed by refluxing with sodium in isopropyl alcohol. METHOXYCHLOR is also incompatible with strong oxidizers. METHOXYCHLOR will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. .
危険性
Toxic material. Liver damage and central
nervous system impairment. Questionable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Low toxicity; acute and chronic effects aremuch less serious than those of the structurally similar DDT; skin absorption low;may cause kidney damage on chronic exposure; oral LD50 value (rats): 6000 mg/kg(ACGIH 1986); no evidence of carcinogenicity to animals or humans; exposure limit:TLV-TWA 10 mg/m
3 (ACGIH, MSHA, andOSHA); RCRA Waste Number U247
Methoxychlor is a reproductive toxicant.Exposure of young adult male rats to methoxychlor reduced their serum testosterone levels (Murono et al. 2006). It metabolized in theliver into 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane and both methoxychlor and itsmetabolite were found to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. Flynnet al. (2005) have reported that long-termexposure to methoxychlor in diet altered thesexually dimorphic behavior in young ratsof both sexes. The study indicated that consumption of sodium solution increased in ratsfrom such exposure. The toxicity of methoxychlor, particularly in the central nervous system, may be attributed to its inhibition of brainmitochondrial respiration which probably iscaused by an increased production of reactiveoxygen species (Schuh et al. 2005).
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride gas may be formed in fire.
農業(yè)用途
Insecticide: Not approved for use in EU countries
. Not registered for use in the U.S. There are 33 global suppliers
.
The U.S. EPA lists 826 active and/or canceled products
containing methoxychlor. Methoxychlor was introduced
as an insecticide in 1945. It is a close relative of DDT
and has been increasing in use since the ban on DDT in
1972 because of its very low mammalian toxicity for home
and garden, on domestic animals for fly control, for elm
bark-beetle vectors of Dutch elm disease, and for blackfly larvae in streams. Methoxychlor is registered for about
87 crops such as alfalfa; nearly all fruits and vegetables,
corn, wheat, rice, and other grains; beef and dairy cattle;
and swine, goats and sheep, and for agricultural premises
and outdoor fogging. It is available in wettable and dust
powders, emulsifiable concentrates, granules, and as an
aerosol. It is combined in formulations with malathion,
parathion, piperonyl butoxide, and pyrethrins.
製品名
CHEMFORM®; HIGALMETOX®;
MARLATE®; METOX®; MOXIE®; PRENTOX®
安全性プロファイル
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
tumorigenic, and teratogenic data.
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and
skin contact routes. Human systemic
effects by skin contact: somnolence.
Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation
data reported. When heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
Cl-. See also DDT and
CHLOROPHENOLS.
発がん性
Female mice fed up to 2000mg/kg and
males given 3500 mg/kg in the diet for 78
weeks showed no statistically significant
increase in the incidence of benign and malignant
tumors that could be attributed to
methoxychlor.10 Chronic feeding studies in
rats, at 850 and 1400mg/kg for males and
females, respectively, also showed no significant
carcinogenic responses, although high
tumor rates in controls may have masked
detection.10 Based on NCI results and several
earlier animal studies, the IARC has determined
that there is insufficient evidence that
methoxychlor is carcinogenic in experimental
animals and that it is not classifiable as to its
carcinogenicity to humans.
代謝経路
Upon UV irradiation with methyl oleate, methoxychlor
is extensively added to the carbon carbon double
bond of methyl oleate via radical mechanisms.
Besides chlorinated stearic acids, several addition
products are formed, offering new possibilities to
produce bound residues in plants. The incubation of
methoxychlor with liver microsomes from untreated
and phenobarbital-treated rats and donors, in the
presence of NADPH, yields three phenolic
metabolites: monodemethylated and didemethylated
methoxychlor and its hydroxylated (trihydroxy)
methoxychlor. The metabolic route of methoxychlor by
monooxygenases involves sequential demethylations
to the dihydroxy derivative and a subsequent ring
hydroxylation.
純化方法
Free the insecticide from 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane by crystallising from EtOH. It is dimorphic and also crystallises from Et2O/EtOH (m 92o). [Fritsch & Feldmann Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 306 77 1899, Smith et al. Aust J Chem 29 743 1976, Beilstein 6 H 1007.]
メトキシクロル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品