プレドニゾン 化學(xué)特性,用途語(yǔ),生産方法
外観
白色?わずかにうすい褐色, 結(jié)晶性粉末?粉末
溶解性
エタノール(1g/約150ml), クロロホルム(1g/200ml)に溶ける。エタノール, クロロホルム, ジオキサンに難溶、水に不溶。エタノール(95)に溶けにくく、水に極めて溶けにくい。
解説
プレドニソン,白色の結(jié)晶．分解點(diǎn)226～232 ℃．[α]D25"＋186°(ジオキサン)．λmax 238 nm(ε 16100)．水に難溶，エタノール，クロロホルムに可溶．副じん皮質(zhì)ホルモン作用のうち，糖質(zhì)コルチコイド作用が強(qiáng)く抗アレルギー作用，抗炎癥作用を呈する．リウマチ性疾患，皮膚疾患，ぜん息などの治療薬に用いられる．
森北出版「化學(xué)辭典（第2版）
用途
薬理研究用。
製造
プレドニソン,合成コルチコステロイドの一つ．コルチゾンの微生物による脫水素反応，またはプレグナン-17α,21-ジオール-3,11,20-トリオンのブロム化，脫臭化水素で合成される．
効能
抗炎癥薬, グルココルチコイド受容體作動(dòng)薬
化學(xué)的特性
White or almost white, crystalline powder.
來(lái)歴
The first isolation and structure identifications of prednisone and prednisolone were done in 1950 by Arthur Nobile. The first commercially feasible synthesis of prednisone was carried out in 1955 in the laboratories of Schering Corporation, which later became Schering-Plough Corporation, by Arthur Nobile and coworkers. They discovered that cortisone could be microbiologically oxidized to prednisone by the bacterium Corynebacterium simplex. Prednisone was introduced in 1955 by Schering, under the brand name Meticorten.
Prednisone was patented in 1954 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. In 2023, it was the 38th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15 million prescriptions.
使用
Prednisone is used for the same indications as cortisone for inflammatory processes,
allergies, and adrenal gland insufficiency; however, it is somewhat more active than cortisone
and has less of an effect on mineral volume.
定義
ChEBI: A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead
f the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.
適応癥
Prednisone 2.5 to 7.5 mg, administered at night or dexamethasone 0.25
to 0.75 mg are useful in female patients, with severe acne unresponsive
to conventional therapy, who suffer from adrenal gland overproduction
of androgens such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
一般的な説明
Prednisone, Δ
1-cortisone, 17,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione, has systemic activityvery similar to that of prednisolone, and because of itslower salt-retention activity, it is often preferred over cortisoneor hydrocortisone. Prednisone must be reduced in vivoto prednisolone to provide the active GC.
空気と水の反応
Very slightly water soluble .
危険性
Questionable carcinogen.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by
intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes.
Moderately toxic by intramuscular route.
Human systemic effects: sensory change
involving peripheral nerves, dermatitis.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported.
Has been implicated in aplastic anemia.
純化方法
Crystallise prednisone from acetone/hexane, then recrystallise it from Me2CO. The monoacetate crystallises from Me2CO/hexane with m 227-233o(dec), [] D +186o (c 1, dioxane), and the diacetate crystallises from 25Me2CO/hexane with m 219-221o(dec), [] D +125o (c 1, CHCl3). [Hertzog et al. Tetrahedron 18 581 1962, Beilstein 8 IV 3531.]
プレドニゾン 上流と下流の製品情報(bào)
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品
プロピオン酸デプロドン
11,17,21-トリヒドロキシプレグナ-4-エン-3,20-ジオン
Pregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione, 17-hydroxy-
17,20:20,21-ビス(メチレンジオキシ)プレグナ-1,4-ジエン-3,11-ジオン(MIXTURE OF DIASTEREOMERS)
コルチゾン