ナノダイヤモンド (粒子徑: <10nm) (水素末端) 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
炭素の同素體の一つ．純粋なものは無色の結(jié)晶．屈折率が高く，モース硬さ10で，鉱物中最高．寶石，研磨材，切削工具などに用いられる．
応用
ダイヤモンドのユニークな物理的特性は寶石としての価値だけでなく科學(xué)研究や産業(yè)界においても広範(fàn)囲にわたる応用を可能にしています例えばその極端な硬度は切削工具やドリルビットに用いられ最も困難な材料の加工を可能にしますまたダイヤモンドの高い熱伝導(dǎo)率は電子機(jī)器の熱管理において重要な役割を果たしています
化學(xué)的特性
ダイヤモンドはその驚異的な輝きと硬さで知られる貴重な寶石です化學(xué)的にはダイヤモンドは炭素の同素體の一つで炭素原子が四面體構(gòu)造を形成して結(jié)合していますこの特有の結(jié)晶構(gòu)造がダイヤモンドの非常に高い硬度と熱伝導(dǎo)率をもたらします
物理的性質(zhì)
The space lattice of a diamond belongs to the cubic system, and its diamond structure has a lattice
constant of a=0.3560 nm and a cleavage plane of 111.
Diamond is classified optically as Type I and Type II. Type I shows the absorption bands at 8
and 20.8 mm by the impurities other than the 5 mm absorption band. On the other hand, Type II
shows the 5 mm absorption band only.
The transmittance of Type II is T=60% for wavelengths longer than 6 mm. There is no other
material that shows such an optical property.
定義
An allotrope of CARBON. It is the
hardest naturally occurring substance and
is used for jewelry and, industrially, for
cutting and drilling equipment. Each carbon
atom is surrounded by four equally
spaced carbon atoms arranged tetrahedrally.
The carbon atoms form a three-dimensional
network with each
carbon–carbon bond equal to 0.154 nm
and at an angle of 109.5° with its neighbors.
In diamonds millions of atoms are covalently
bonded to form a giant molecular
structure, the great strength of which results
from the strong covalent bonds. Diamonds
can be formed synthetically from
graphite in the presence of a catalyst and
under extreme temperature and pressure;
although small, such diamonds are of adequate
size for many industrial uses.
生産方法
自然界でのダイヤモンドの生成には數(shù)十億年かかることがありますが科學(xué)者たちは実験室內(nèi)でダイヤモンドを合成する方法を開発していますこれらの合成ダイヤモンドは自然に生成されたものと同等の物理的化學(xué)的特性を持ち寶石や産業(yè)用途においてより持続可能で倫理的な選択肢を提供します
化學(xué)性質(zhì)
硬度モース硬度10という最高レベルの硬さを持ち他の物質(zhì)を簡単に切斷?研磨することができます熱伝導(dǎo)率ダイヤモンドは金屬を超える熱伝導(dǎo)率を持ち非常に効率的に熱を伝達(dá)します光學(xué)特性ダイヤモンドは高い屈折率と分散率を持ち光を強(qiáng)く曲げて美しい輝きを放ちます
工業(yè)用途
Diamond is the cubic crystalline form of carbon.When pure, diamond is water clear, butimpurities add shades of opaqueness including black. It is the hardest natural material with ahardness on the Knoop scale ranging from 5500to 7000. It will scratch and be scratched by thehardest anthropogenic material Borozon. It hasa specific gravity of 3.5. Diamond has a meltingpoint of around 3871°C, at which point it willgraphitize and then vaporize. Diamonds aregenerally electrical insulators and nonmagnetic.Synthetic diamonds are produced from graphiteat extremely high pressures (5444 to 12,359.9MPa) and temperatures from 1204 to 2427°C.They are up to 0.01 carat in size and are comparableto the quality of industrial diamonds.In powder form they are used in cutting wheels.Of all diamonds mined, about 80% by weightare used in industry. Roughly 45% of the totalindustrial use is in grinding wheels. Tests haveshown that under many conditions syntheticdiamonds are better than mined diamonds inthis application.
ナノダイヤモンド (粒子徑: <10nm) (水素末端) 上流と下流の製品情報(bào)
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品