3-ヒドロキシブタナール 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
アルドール．2分子のアセトアルデヒドをアルカリの存在下にアルドール縮合させると得られる．無色，無臭の液體．沸點77 ℃(2.1 kPa)．d16 1.109．水，エタノール，エーテルに易溶．常圧で蒸留すると大部分は脫水されてクロトンアルデヒドとなる．ブタジエンの製造，加硫促進剤，香料などに用いられる．アセトアルデヒドに水酸化ナトリウムまたは水酸化カリウムの水溶液を作用させると得られる。この反応は酸を觸媒として用いてもおこるが、アルドールの合成法としては水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液を觸媒とするのが適當(dāng)で、1分子のアセトアルデヒドがもう1分子のアセトアルデヒドのカルボニル基
=Oに付加してアルドールを生成する。この反応はアルドール反応とよばれている。アルドールはゴムの加硫促進剤、香料の合成原料などの用途をもつ。
化學(xué)的特性
Aldol is a flammable, colorless to pale yellow, syrupy liquid. Pungent odor
使用
Acetaldol is manufactured by condensing of acetaldehyde in aqueous
NaOH and is used to produce rubber vulcanizers, accelerators
and age retardants, perfumes, and in ore flotation. It is a
hypnotic and sedative.
一般的な説明
A clear white to yellow syrupy liquid. Denser than water. Flash point 150°F. Contact may irritate skin and eyes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.
空気と水の反応
Soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
An aldehyde and alcohol. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
健康ハザード
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
火災(zāi)危険
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
安全性プロファイル
Poison via skin contact. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin and eye irritant. A flammable liquid and fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; emits crotonaldehyde and water when heated. See CROTONALDEHYDE. Can react with oxidtzing materials.
職業(yè)ばく露
Aldol is used as a solvent and to manufacture rubber accelerators, perfumes; in fungicides; and in engraving, cadmium plating
輸送方法
UN2839 Aldol, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1Poison Inhalation Hazard
純化方法
An ethereal solution of aldol is washed with a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3, then with water. The non-aqueous layer is dried with anhydrous CaCl2 and distilled immediately before use. The fraction, b 80-81o/20mm, is collected as a thick liquid which decomposes at 85o/atm. It is a sedative and a hypnotic but is used in perfumery. [Mason et al. J Am Chem Soc 76 2255 1954]. [Beilstein 1 H 824, 1 I 419, 1 II 868, 1 III 3195, 1 IV 3984.]
不和合性
Danger! May be subject to spontaneous polymerization. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires orexplosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Heat above 83 C causes the formation of crotonaldehyde vapor (which may cause explosion) and water.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
3-ヒドロキシブタナール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品