炭酸ナトリウム 化學特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の粉末又は粒
定義
本品は、炭酸の二ナトリウム塩であり、次の化學式で表される。
溶解性
水に溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。
解説
炭酸ナトリウム,工業(yè)的にはアンモニアソーダ法(ソルベー法)でつくる．炭酸水素ナトリウムを加熱分解すると無水物が得られる．無水物は白色の粉末．融點851 ℃．密度2.53 g cm－3．水100 g に対する溶解度は7.1 g(0 ℃)，48.5 g(104 ℃)．エタノール，エーテルに不溶．水溶液から晶出させると十水和物( ＜ 32.08 ℃)，七水和物(32.08～35.27 ℃)，一水和物( ＞ 35.27 ℃)が析出する．十水和物は単斜晶系結晶．密度1.44 g cm－3．空気中で風解して一水和物となる．一水和物は白色の斜方晶系結晶．密度2.25 g cm－3．潮解性で，100 ℃ で無水物となる．水溶液は加水分解して弱アルカリ性を示す．また，二酸化炭素を吸収して炭酸水素ナトリウムを生じる．化學工業(yè)上もっとも重要な化合物の一つである．せっけん，ガラス，水酸化ナトリウム，炭酸水素ナトリウムの原料，製紙，染料工業(yè)，洗濯用などに用いられ，分析試薬，食品添加物，醫(yī)薬品としても用いられる．
森北出版「化學辭典（第2版）
用途
ガラス、石鹸、洗剤などの原料
用途
pH標準液(炭酸塩標準液)及び緩衝液の調製原料。
用途
汎用試薬。
用途
汎用試薬、調製液原料、炭酸塩緩衝液調製原料、中和剤、寫真材料。
用途
食品添加物。
製造
炭酸ナトリウム,炭酸ソーダまたは単にソーダともいう．無水物はソーダ灰，十水和物は洗濯ソーダともよばれる．サーモナトライトとして一水和物が天然に産出する．
化粧品の成分用途
pH調整剤
効能
アルカリ化剤
展望
炭酸ナトリウムの需要は今後も安定して高いままであり続けると予想されます特に環(huán)境に優(yōu)しい製品の需要が高まる中その製造プロセスや用途において環(huán)境への影響を最小限に抑える技術の開発が進められていますまた再生可能エネルギーの存続と関連して炭酸ナトリウムは太陽光発電や風力発電など新たなエネルギー源の開発においても重要な役割を果たす可能性があります
主な用途／役割
ユリア樹脂系接著剤、メラミン樹脂系接著剤、フェノール樹脂系接著剤の觸媒として使用される。
使用上の注意
吸濕性あり
説明
Sodium carbonate is known as soda ash or washing soda and is a heavily used inorganic compound. Approximately 45 million tons of soda ash are produced globally both naturally and synthetically. Soda ash is obtained naturally primarily from the mineral trona, but it can also be obtained from nahcolite (NaHCO3) and salt brine deposits. Trona is a freshwater sodium carbonate-bicarbonate evaporite, with the formula Na3CO3HCO3 .2H2O. The largest known deposit of trona is located in the Green River area of Wyoming, and other large deposits are found in Egypt’s Nile Valley and California’s Searles basin around the city of Trona. Soda ash is produced from mined trona by crushing and screening the ore and then heating it. Th is produces a soda ash mixed with impurities. Pure soda ash is obtained by dissolving the product and precipitating impurities combined with filtering processes.
化學的特性
Sodium carbonate, Na2C03, also known as soda or soda ash,is the most important of the industrial alkalis. It is a white or grayish-white, lumpy, water-soluble powder that loses its water of crystallization when heated. It decomposes at a temperature of about 852°C (1560°F). It exists in solution only. It is prepared by the combination of carbon dioxide and water.
物理的性質
Anhydrous sodium carbonate (soda ash, sal soda) is a white powder, which cakes and aggregates on exposure to air due to the formation of hydrates. The monohydrate, Na2CO3·H2O, is a white crystalline material, which is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol; r.d. 2.532; loses water at 109°C; m.p. 851°C. The decahydrate, Na2CO3·10H2O (washing soda), is a translucent efluorescent crystalline solid; r.d. 1.44; loses water at 32–34°C to give the monohydrate; m.p. 851°C.
天然物の起源
Ash is a tree found in regions of North America
來歴
Sodium carbonate, Na
2CO
3, has been used historically for making glass, soap, and gunpowder. Along with potassium carbonate, known as potash, sodium carbonate was the basis of the alkali industry, which was one of the first major chemical industries. Throughout history, alkalis were obtained from natural sources. Soda ash was also produced by burning wood and leaching the ashes with water to obtain a solution that yielded soda ash when the water was boiled off. The name soda ash originates from the barilla plant, which was used to produce soda ash. The scientific name of this plant is Salsola soda, but it goes by the common names of sodawort or glasswort because the soda produced from it was used in making glass. Barilla is a common plant found in saline waters along the Mediterranean Sea in Spain and Italy.
Barilla was dried and burned to produce soda ash. The depletion of European forests and
international disputes made the availability of alkali salts increasingly uncertain during the
latter part of the 18th century. LeBlanc
proposed a procedure in 1783, and a plant based on LeBlanc’s method was opened in 1791.
Unfortunately, LeBlanc’s association with French Royalty led to the confi scation of the plant
at the time of the French Revolution. Furthermore, confl icting claims for LeBlanc’s method
were made by several other chemists and he never received the reward.
使用
Soda ash is used in glass making, in production of sodium chemicals (such as sodium chromates, phosphates, and silicates), in the wood pulp industry, in production of soaps and detergents, in oil refining, in water softening, and in refining of nonferrous metals. In its hydrous crystallized form (Na2C03.10H2O), it is known as sal soda,washing soda,or soda crystals, not to be confused with baking soda,which is sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03). Its monohydrate form(Na2C03·H20) is the standard compound for scouring solutions.
When in solution, sodium carbonate creates less alkalinity than the hydroxides. A 0.1% solution creates a pH of 11;a fully saturated solution is 35%, which has a pH of 12.5.
The safety requirements for sodium carbonate, because of its lower alkalinity, can be considered less demanding than those for the related bicarbonates.
定義
Sodium carbonate is an organic sodium salt and a carbonate salt. A dibasic acid formed in small amounts in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water: CO2 + H2O=H2CO2It forms two series of salts: hydrogencarbonates (HCO3–) and carbonates (CO32-). The pure acid cannot be isolated.
調製方法
Sodium carbonate is produced on all continents of the world
from its minerals. It is present in large deposits in Africa and the United States as either carbonate or trona, a mixed ore of
equal molar amounts of carbonate and bicarbonate. However,
about 70% of the world production of sodium carbonate is
manufactured by the Solvay (ammonia soda) process,
whereby ammonia is added to a solution of sodium chloride.
Carbon dioxide is then bubbled through to precipitate the
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) that is decomposed by heat-producing
sodium carbonate. In the United States. all production is
based on the minerals that contain sodium carbonate. Different
qualities of sodium carbonate are produced: technical,
food, and pharmaceutical grades.
安全性
炭酸ナトリウムは自然界に広く存在し適切に管理された狀態(tài)では環(huán)境に対して比較的低い影響を及ぼしますしかし大量に水系に放出されると水のpHバランスに影響を與え生態(tài)系に害を及ぼす可能性がありますそのため産業(yè)プロセスでの使用に際しては環(huán)境管理が重要となります安全性に関しては炭酸ナトリウムは比較的無害な化合物であり適切な取り扱い下では人體に対するリスクは低いですが高濃度の場合は刺激性があり目や皮膚呼吸器系への刺激を引き起こすことがあります
一般的な説明
Sodium carbonate is a water soluble inorganic salt commonly used as a weak base. Its aqueous solution has the ability to uptake carbon dioxide. It can also catalyze the conversion of sewage sludge to liquid fuels.
生産方法
炭酸ナトリウムは主に二つの工業(yè)的方法で製造されます一つ目はソルベー法と呼ばれこの方法では石灰石CaCO3と塩NaClを原料として使用します反応過程では二酸化炭素CO2がアンモニアNH3と反応し炭酸アンモニウムが生成されこれが加熱されることで炭酸ナトリウムが得られます二つ目の方法は自然に存在するトロナ鉱石を採掘し精製することによって炭酸ナトリウムを得る方法ですこれは主に北米で行われています
化學性質
白色の粉末，粒徑と見かけ比重の異なる
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by inhalation and subcutaneous routes. Mlldly toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. It migrates to food from packagmg materials. Can react violently with Al, P2O5, H2SO4, F2, Li, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O
合成方法
トロナ鉱を溶解し，不純物を精製除去後，蒸発缶でセスキ炭酸ナトリウム結晶を析出させ，か焼爐で熱分解する
純化方法
It crystallises from water as the decahydrate which is redissolved in water to give a near-saturated solution. By bubbling CO2, NaHCO3 is precipitated. It is filtered off, washed and ignited for 2hours at 280o [MacLaren & Swinehart J Am Chem Soc 73 1822 1951]. Before being used as a volumetric standard, analytical grade material should be dried by heating at 260-270o for 0.5hour and allowed to cool in a desiccator. It has a transition point at 450o, and its solubility in water is 21.58% at 20o (decahydrate in solid phase), 49.25% at 35o (heptahydrate in solid phase) and 44.88% at 75o(monohydrate in solid phase) [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 987-988 1963]. After three recrystallisations, technical grade Na2CO3 had Cr, Mg, K, P, Al, W, Sc and Ti at 32, 9.4, 6.6, 3.6, 2.4, 0.6, 0.2 and 0.2 ppm respectively; another technical source had Cr, Mg, Mo, P, Si, Sn and Ti at 2.6, 0.4, 4.2, 13.4, 32, 0.6, 0.8 ppm respectively.
炭酸ナトリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
β-ブチロラクトン
Reactive Black KN-BN
グローバー石
3,6-ビス[4-[[2-(ソジオスルホオキシ)エチル]スルホニル]フェニルアゾ]-4-ヒドロキシ-5-アミノナフタレン-2,7-ジスルホン酸ジナトリウム
2-ピリジルアミドオキシム
1-ブロモ-2-クロロエタン
POLYANIONIC CELLULOSE
Boric fertilizer
1-フェニルピリダジン-3,6(1H,2H)-ジオン
α-メチルシンナムアルデヒド
4-ピリジルアミドオキシム
sodium aluminium acid phosphate for food
2-ニトロベンジル アルコール
6-メチル-2-チオウラシル
Cellulose diacetate plastifier
酒石酸ナトリウム
2,4-ジアミノ-1,3,5-トリアジン
炭酸二銀(I)
酢酸 n-オクチル
N-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylpyrazole-5-sulfonamide
エチレングリコールモノイソプロピルエーテル
water-proofing agnet AC
calcium stearyl lactate
4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸イソプロピル
2-クロロ-6-メチルピリミジン
sodium aluminium phosphate,basic,for food
1,3-ジブロモ-2-プロパノール
N'-ヒドロキシ-2-チオフェンカルボイミドアミド
3-ピリジンカルボキサミドオキシム
イソシアン酸 t-ブチル
Fast Malachite Blue lake
スルファメサジン
Streptodornase/streptokinase
りん酸二水素ナトリウム·2水和物
ベンズアミドオキシム
六フッ化アルミニウムカリウム
次亜リン酸ナトリウム水和物
6-Methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-ol
benzene series organic effluent gas purifying catalyst
Δ2,3'(2'H,3H)-ビ[1H-インドール]-2',3-ジオン