???????? ??

???????? C??? ??, ??, ??

??? ??

Dwarf-pine-needle oil is obtained in Austria (Tyrol) and other mountainous areas of Central and Southeast Europe by steam distillation of fresh needles and twig tips of Pinus mugo Turra ssp. mugo and ssp. pumilio (Haenke) Franco. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, balsamic odor.
d²⁰₂₀ 0.858–0.868; n²⁰_D 1.474–1.478; α²⁰_D 15 ° to 7 °; solubility: 1 vol in ≤10 vol of 90% ethanol. Content by GC: α-pinene 10–30%;β-pinene 3–14%; 3-carene 5–25%; β-phellandrene 8–17%; limonene 8–14%; bornyl acetate 1–5%.

??? ??

It is a clear, almost colorless, mobile liquid.

??

Found in the branches and adherent leaves of P. mugo Turra var. pumilio (Fam. Pinaceae) (Guenther, 1952).

?? ??

By steam distillation of the branches and leaves of P. mugo Turra var. pumilio (Guenther, 1952).

Essential oil composition

Main constituents include l-α-pinene, β-pinene, l-limonene, dipentene, l-phellandrene, aldehydes, various esters, and alcohols.

Pharmacology

In man. Pinus pumilio oil increased bronchial secretions (Thomas, 1958). A dose of 500 mg/kg was reported to have no effect in vivo on the metabolism and pharmacological activity of pentobarbitone (25 mg/kg) in rats or in vitro on the metabolism of amidopyrene, p-nitroanisole and aniline by rat liver (Jori et al. 1969). Intravenous injection of the oil dissolved in sorbitol monostearate water caused no toxic effects in warm-blooded animals and large doses caused no changes in blood pressure, but it showed digitalis-like action of the isolated toad heart (Primavori. 1960).

Safety Profile

Mildly toxic by ingestion. A human skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

?? ??

Following immersion of young pigs and one human subject for 30 min in baths containing 150 ml of a pine-oil mixture (Fichtennadel-Latschenkieferl. Kneipp) in 450 litres of water, a- and -pinene and limonene (components of Latschenkieferl) were detected in the exhaled air within 20 min, reaching maximum levels 50-75 min after the start of the bath and remaining detectable after 1 day (Rmmelt, Zuber. Dirnagl. & Drexel. 1974).

???????? ?? ?? ? ???

???

?? ??

???????? ?? ??

???	??	???	??	?? ?	??
Hebei Fengjia New Material Co., Ltd	+86-0311-87836622 +86-18712993135	sales01@tairunfaz.com	China	8051	58
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8615531151365	mina@chuanghaibio.com	China	18126	58
Hebei Zhuanglai Chemical Trading Co Ltd	+86-16264648883	niki@zlchemi.com	China	7245	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21586	55
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	+86-0551-65418679 +8618949832763	info@tnjchem.com	China	2988	55
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258 +8613203830695	sales@coreychem.com	China	29815	58
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD	+8613065062079	sales@sdzschem.com	China	1497	58
Shandong chuangyingchemical Co., Ltd.	18853181302	sale@chuangyingchem.com	CHINA	5906	58
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	+8615255079626	eric@witopchemical.com	China	23541	58
Dideu Industries Group Limited	+86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250	1026@dideu.com	China	28509	58

???????? ?? ??: