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Acenaphthene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and crystalline solid at ambient
temperature. Acenaphthene does not dissolve in water but is soluble in many organic
solvents. Acenaphthene is a component of crude oil and a product of combustion.
Acenaphthene occurs in coal tar produced during the high-temperature carbonisation
or coking of coal. It is used as a dye intermediate in the manufacture of some plastics
and as an insecticide and fungicide. Acenaphthene is a component of crude oil
and a product of combustion which may be produced and released to the environment
during natural fires. Emissions from petroleum refining, coal tar distillation, coal
combustion, and diesel-fuelled engines are major contributors of acenaphthene to the
environment. Acenaphthene is an environmental pollutant and has been detected in
cigarette smoke, automobile exhausts, and urban air; in effluents from petrochemical,
pesticide, and wood preservative industries; and in soils, groundwater, and surface
waters at hazardous waste sites. This compound is one among a number of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on U.S. EPA’s (Environmental Protection Agency)
priority pollutant list.
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Acenaphthene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, crystalline solid at ambient tempera-
ture. Acenaphthene does not dissolve in water, but is soluble in many organic solvents.
Acenaphthene occurs in coal tar produced during high temperature carbonization or cok-
ing of coal. It is used as a dye intermediate in the manufacture of some plastics and as
an insecticide and fungicide. Acenaphthene is a component of crude oil and a product
of combustion that may be produced and released into the environment during natural
fi
res. Emissions from petroleum refi
ning, coal tar distillation, coal combustion, and diesel-
fueled engines are major contributors of acenaphthene to the environment. Acenaphthene
is an environmental pollutant and has been detected in cigarette smoke, automobile
exhausts, and urban air; in effl
uents from petrochemical, pesticide, and wood preservative
industries; and in soils, groundwater, and surface waters at hazardous waste sites. This
compound is one of a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the US EPA’s prior-
ity pollutant list.
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White crystalline solid or orthorhombic bipyramidal needles from alcohol. Coal tar-like odor. The
lowest odor threshold concentration in water that may result in rejection of contaminated water
ranged from 0.02 to 0.22 ppm (Lillard and Powers, 1975). In Wisconsin, the taste and odor
threshold concentration in water that is nontoxic to humans is 20 μg/L (ATSDR, 1995).
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Acenaphthene occurs in petroleum bottoms and is used as a
dye intermediate, insecticide, and fungicide and in
manufacturing plastics.
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acenaphthene: A colourless crystallinearomatic compound, C
12H
10;m.p. 95°C; b.p. 278°C. It is an intermediatein the production of somedyes.
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White needles. Melting point 93.6°C. Soluble in hot alcohol. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. May irritate skin and mucous membranes. Emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes when heated to decomposition. Derived from coal tar and used to make dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, fungicides, and plastics.
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Insoluble in water.
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Acenaphthene is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with ozone and chlorinating agents. Forms crystalline complexes with desoxycholic acid .
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Exposures to acenaphthene cause poisoning and include symptoms such as irritation
to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract. Studies on labora-
tory animals orally exposed to acenaphthene showed loss of body weight, peripheral
blood changes (unspecifi
ed), increased aminotransferase levels in blood serum, and
mild morphological damage to the liver and kidneys. In chronic exposures, acenaph-
thene is known to cause damage to the kidneys and liver. Acenaphthene is irritating to
the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Oral exposure of rats to ace-
naphthene for 32 days produced peripheral blood changes, mild liver and kidney dam-
age, and pulmonary effects. However, detailed studies with acenaphthene in humans
are limited.
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Flash point data for Acenaphthene are not available. Acenaphthene is probably combustible.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitonealroute. Mutation data reported.Incompatible with strongoxidizing agents, ozone, chlorinating agents. When heatedto decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
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Acenaphthene occurs naturally in coal tar and in coal tar produced during the high-temperature carbonization or coking of coal; coal tar distilling; petroleum processing; shale oil processing. It is used as an intermediate for dyes, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, plant growth hormones; 1,8 naphthalic acid; in the manufacture of some plastics; and has been detected in cigarette smoke and gasoline exhaust condensates; a constituent of coal tar creosote, asphalt, and diesel fuel. It has been used as an polyploidy agent.
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UN3082 Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
Purification Methods
It has also been purified by chromatography from CCl4 on alumina with *benzene as eluent [McLaughlin & Zainal J Chem Soc 2485 1960]. [Beilstein 5 IV 1834.]
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Ozone and strong oxidizing agents, including perchlorates, chlorine, fluorine, and bromine
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Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Incineration or permanganate oxidation
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1,4,5,8-????????????
1-???-8-?????
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1,8-????
fluorescent whitening agent EFR
Acenaphthenequinone
1,8-???? ???
4,5-????????-1,8-?????????
5-????????
4-???-1,8-???? ???
Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydro-1-methoxy-
2a,3,4,5-????????????
5-bromoacenaphthylene-1,2-dione
3,9-?????????
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1-??????
