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? (1) ?? : ? ??? ??? 68～73℃??? ??.

??(2) ?? : ? ?? ? 3g? ??? ?? ???????? ??(3 : 5) 80mL? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?, ? ?? 12.0～24.0??? ??. ?, ??? ??? ? ???.

??(3) ??? : ? ?? 1g? ??? ????? ??? ??, ???????? ??(3→5) 50mL? ?????????? 25mL? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? 1?? ????. ???? ? ?? ?? ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?, ? ?? 43～65??? ??.

??(4) ?? : ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?, ? ?? 4.0ppm ????? ??.

??(5) ? : ? ?? 5.0g? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ??? ?, ? ?? 2.0ppm ????? ??.

??(6) ?? : ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?, ? ?? 1.0ppm ????? ??.

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? (1) ? ?? 1～2mg? ??? ???????????? (1) ????????? ?? ??? ? ?, ??? ?? ????? ????.

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? ? ??? ??? ??(Euphorbia antisyphilitica ZUCC.)? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???.

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? ? ??? ?????? 0.3% ????? ??.

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Candelilla wax is obtained from several species of Euphorbiaceae, rush-like perennial plants that grow in the semiarid regions of northern Mexico and southern Texas, and to a limited extent in Arizona and southern California. The plants consist of numerous slender, leafless cylindrical stalks 2 to 5 ft high, covered with a powdery wax that gives the plant a blue-green color.
The wax is extracted from the plants by immersing the dried stalks in boiling water acidified with sulfuric acid; the molten product is skimmed off as it rises to the surface. The wax is transferred to lead-lined tanks, kept at the boiling point to remove water, and then allowed to settle to remove any dirt present. The yield of clarified wax is from 1.5 to 3.0% of the air-dried plant. The sole criterion of purity is usually the color of the product, which varies from light yellow to brown. For other details of description, refer to Burdock (1997).

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candelilla wax (Euphorbia cerifera) binds oils and waxes, and gives body to a formulation. It is also used as a film former. It is obtained from candelilla plants and is similar to carnauba wax.

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Yellowish-brown, opaque to translucent solid. Soluble in chloroform, turpentine, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, toluene, hot petroleum ether, and alkalies; insoluble in water. Combustible.

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???	??	???	??	?? ?	??
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