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Furan occurs naturally in oils distilled from rosin containing pinewood. In addition, many natural foods contain the furan ring structure and substituted furans may be formed through cooking of simple carbohydrates. Furan is also found in tobacco smoke as well as wood smoke and gas emissions from gasoline and diesel engines. Furan has also been detected in industrial effluents and can be emitted to the air from petroleum refineries and coal-mining and gasification plants.

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Furan is a cyclic dienic ether stabilized by benzene-like resonance. Because of its conjugated unsaturation and heterocyclic atom, furan will undergo many types of reactions. It is, therefore, of interest as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, insecticides and fine chemicals. The heterocyclic oxygen atom in a ring with conjugated unsaturation gives furan a combination of ether, aromatic and olefinic characteristics. This polyfunctionality permits it to undergo a variety of reactions. Compared to benzene, the furan ring has greater reactivity, and is more susceptible to cleavage, thus resembling the vinyl ethers. Like the vinyl ethers, the furan ring is cleaved by aqueous acids. This reaction is accompanied by resinification .

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Furan is a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring. Furan is used as a building block for the preparation of many heterocyclic compounds.

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A heterocyclic liquid organic compound. Its five-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. The structure is characteristic of some monosaccharide sugars (furanoses).

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Furan is a stable, colourless chemical liquid. It is highly flammable and forms explosive mixtures with air. It is incompatible with many other chemical substances, for example, strong oxidising agents, acids, peroxides, and oxygen. Furan is produced commercially by decarbonylation of furfural. It is used mainly in the production of tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, and pyrrole. It also occurs naturally in certain woods and during the combustion of coal and is found in engine exhausts, wood smoke, and tobacco smoke.

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Highly flammable. When uninhibited, Furan forms explosive peroxides on exposure to air. Insoluble in water.

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Furan is sensitive to heat and may turn brown upon standing. Furan may be light sensitive. When uninhibited, Furan forms explosive peroxides on exposure to air. Furan may react with oxidizers, acids, peroxides and oxygen. Furan resinifies on evaporation or when in contact with mineral acids, but Furan is stable in alkalis. .

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Flammable, dangerous fire risk, flammable limits 2–24%, forms peroxides on exposure to air. Absorbed by skin. Possible carcinogen.

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The vapors are narcotic. Acute exposure to Furan by inhalation may involve both reversible and irreversible changes. Acute exposure by ingestion or skin absorption, as well as chronic exposure, are associated with high toxicity.

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Very dangerous, upon exposure to heat or flame. Furan may form unstable peroxides on exposure to air. Contact with acids can initiate a violent, heat producing reaction. Avoid acids, oxidizing agents. Upon standing in air, Furan may form unstable peroxides.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen. Poison by inhalation and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Experimental reproductive effects. A narcotic. Mutation data reported. The exposure concentration limit of 10 ppm together with its low boiling point requires that adequate ventilation be provided in areas where ths chemical is handled. Contact with liquid must be avoided since this chemical can be absorbed through the skin. Washing thoroughly with soap and water followed by prolonged rinsing should be done immedlatelp after accidental contact. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials. Unstabdized, it may form unstable peroxides on exposure to air and should always be tested before ddlation. Washing with an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate slightly acidified with sodum bisulfate will remove these peroxides. Confirm by test. Contact with acids can initiate a violent exothermic reaction. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to flame. Furan's low bohg point makes it easy to obtain explosive concentrations of the vapor in inadequately ventilated areas. To fight fire, use CO2, dr). chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also PEROXIDES.

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Furan is used as a chemical intermedi ate in the production of herbicides and pharmaceuticals; for making tetrahydrofuran; in formation of lacquers; as a sol vent for resins in organic synthesis, especially for pyrrole, thiophene.

Carcinogenicity

Furan is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

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Furan may be released to the environment as a waste industrial product or from unintentional or accidental releases. If released to soil, it is expected to volatilize. If released to water, furan is not expected to adsorb to suspended particles and sediment and is likely to volatilize to ambient air. Sulfate-reducing bacteria can degrade furan. However, under nonsulfate-reducing conditions, biodegradation in soil and water is expected to be slow. In the air, furan will exist as a vapor and will be subject to degradation by reacting with hydroxyl radicals.

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UN2389 Furan, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Purification Methods

Shake it with aqueous 5% KOH, dry it with CaSO4 or Na2SO4, then distil it under nitrogen, from KOH or sodium, immediately before use. A trace of hydroquinone could be added as an inhibitor of oxidation. [Beilstein 17 H 27, 17 I 16, 17 II 34, 17/1 V 291.]

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May form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong acids, amines, strong bases, reducing agents. Unless stabilized with an inhibitor, air exposure forms unstable peroxides.

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Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations govern ing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

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Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21585	55
Jiangsu Qingquan Chemical Co., Ltd.	+86-571-86589381,86589382,86589383	sales1@qqpharm.com	CHINA	154	55
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED		sales@conier.com	China	49979	58
Neostar United (Changzhou) Industrial Co., Ltd.	+86-0519-85551759	marketing1@neostarunited.com	China	8828	58
SIMAGCHEM CORP	+86-5922680277 +86-13806087780	sale@simagchem.com	China	17346	58
Career Henan Chemica Co	+86-0371-86658258 +86-13203830695	laboratory@coreychem.com	China	30224	58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	+86-0551-65418671 +86-189 4982 3763	sales@tnjchem.com	China	34563	58
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	+8618071025641	eric@witopchemical.com	China	23541	58
AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED	+86-571-85134551 +86-18958018566	info@afinechem.com	China	15079	58
Baoji Guokang Healthchem co.,ltd	+8615604608665 15604608665	dominicguo@gk-bio.com	CHINA	9414	58

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