Vitamins and minerals are essential substances that our bodies need to develop and function normally. The known vitamins include A, C, D, E, and K, and the B vitamins: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxal (B6), cobalamin (B12), biotin, and folate/folic acid. A number of minerals are essential for health: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, sulfur, cobalt, copper, fluoride, manganese, and selenium.
How Vitamin C Polarity Affects Solubility and Skin Absorption
Ascorbic acid is a cyclic polar molecule, and its solubility increases in the solvent of high polarity. The solubility of L-(+)- ascorbic acid in water showed a higher value than those in the other al
May 19，2026 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
Application research of Cocarboxylase
Cocarboxylase, or thiamine diphosphate, is an enzyme cofactor that catalyzes crucial metabolic reactions via a thiazolium carbene in all living systems.
Mar 13，2026 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
Cocarboxylase:Synthesis and Physiological efficacy
Cocarboxylase, also known as thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), is a key coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.
Jan 14，2026 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
Production method and advantages of Menaquinone-7
Menaquinone-7, a highly valuable member of the vitamin K2 series, is an essential nutrient for humans. Its production method and advantages will be introduced.
Aug 19，2025 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
The production of D-pantothenic acid from Escherichia coli and its function research
D-Pantothenic acid is an essential vitamin widely used in food, and pharmaceutical industries. The production method and its its function will be introduced.
Jul 9，2025 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
What are the benefits of Vitamin D3 for the human body?
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be stimulated by sunlight to synthesize in the skin, and is mainly synthesized in the summer.
May 6，2025 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
What diseases may be caused by vitamin B12 deficiency? How is it treated?
Vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin) is a substance necessary for maintaining basic human functions, such as the growth and development of red blood cells and the nervous system.
Jan 6，2025 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
Synthesis of Vitamin D from β-Sitosterol
The vitamin D family is known as vitamins D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 and contributes to important biological functions after converting to active forms. This article will introduce a method to synthesize
Jul 23，2024 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
What is the effect of Retinoic acid on the skin?
Retinoic acid, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), tretinoin, and vitamin A acid, belongs to the group of retinoids, which are defined as synthetic or natural derivatives of vitamin A.
May 8，2024 Vitamins and Minerals medicines
Calcitriol: Function, Mechanism of Action and Side Effects
Calcitriol is an active metabolite of vitamin D and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist.
May 6，2024 Vitamins and Minerals medicines