Rotundine Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Beschreibung
The roots of Stephania rotunda furnish this alkaloid which forms colourless
plates when crystallized from EtOH. It is laevorotatory with [α]
23D - 262°
(EtOH) and gives a crystalline hydrochloride with m.p. 258-9°C (dec.) and the
methiodide which decomposes at that same temperature. Three methoxyl groups
and one methyl group are present.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Appearance: off-white solid, odorless, tasteless, and turns yellow under light and
heat. It should be protected from light and air. Solubility: this product is usually dissolved in chloroform, slightly soluble in ethanol or ether, insoluble in water, and
soluble in dilute sulfuric acid. Melting point: 141–144°C. Specific optical rotation:
290 to –300°.
History
From the 1920s, many researchers have focused on the alkaloid compounds contained in the Yan Hu Suo and extracted more than 30 different kinds of alkaloids.
Among them Rotundine is one of the most important active compounds and has
been successfully applied in clinical practice.
Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) was firstly discovered by Zhao Chenggu, a famous
medicinal phytochemist in China. He isolated 13 kinds of alkaloids and identified the structure of 6 of them. In 1936, Huang Minglong, a famous organic chemist,
proved THP is a racemate. From 1933, Wang Jingxi and Lu Zihui began to study the
pharmacological effects of THP and found that THP could induce catalepsy in animals. Rotundine is a levo-THP and obtained from the resolution of DL-THP during
1959–1964. From 1956 to 1965, the famous Chinese neuropharmacologist, Jin
Guozhang, identified Rotundine as the main effective component in Yan Hu Suo and
further studied its underlying mechanisms. He also found that Stephania contains
abundant L-THP, which could become the source of clinical medication.
In 1965, Rotundine was recorded in the textbooks of pharmacology. After over
20years of clinical practices, people have proved that Rotundine has reliable efficacy and low side effect. In 1977, Rotundine was recorded in the Chinese
Pharmacopoeia. In 1979, THP achieved a full synthesis, and currently Rotundine is
mainly produced by artificial synthesis. From 1980, the study on the mechanisms of
Rotundine made great progress. The analgesic effect of Rotundine has nothing to do
with opioid receptors or prostaglandins. Rotundine does not belong to narcotic analgesics and antipyretic analgesics. Further, Rotundine has been found to have no
affinity with M-cholinergic receptor and GABA system in the brain. But it has affinity to dopamine receptors. The exact mechanisms and pharmacology effects of
Rotundine still need more research.
Clinical Use
1. Pain induced by gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders, menstrual pain, and
pain after childbirth.
2. Mild trauma and postoperative pain
3. Headache insomnia and spasmodic cough.
4. There is a report about the usage of Rotundine in arrhythmia caused by I–III
hypertension and other diseases.
5. The hypnotic effect of Rotundine happens in 15min after administration and
then appears after 2h. Because the analgesic effect happens at the same time,
Rotundine is particularly suitable for insomnia patients with pain.
6. Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea. Large dose of Rotundine
can inhibit the respiratory center and may cause extrapyramidal symptoms.
l?uterung methode
Crystallise it from MeOH or EtOH by addition of water [see Kametani & Ihara J Chem Soc (C) 530 1967, Bradsher & Dutta J Org Chem 26 2231 1961]. When crystallised from Me2CO/Et2O, it has m 142o. The hydrate has m 115o(effervescence). The picrate has m 188o(dec) (from aqueous EtOH). [Bradsher & Datta J Org Chem 26 2231 1961, Beilstein 21 II 196, 21 III/IV 2769.]
Einzelnachweise
Kondo, Matsuno., J. Pharm. Soc., Japan, 64, (9A), 28 (1944)
Rotundine Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
