Source

Mouse

Reactivity

Human;Monkey

Background

Rho family small GTPases act as molecular switches that regulate processes such as cell migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Typically, they are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which catalyze the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, and are inhibited by GTPase activating proteins, which catalyze the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Rnd1, Rnd2 and RhoE/Rnd3 comprise the evolutionarily divergent Rnd family of Rho-type small GTPases, which lack GTPase activity and therefore remain in a GTP-bound state. RhoE/Rnd3 activity leads to a decrease in stress fibers and increased cell migration, at least in part through regulation of the Rho-dependent kinase ROCK1. Activity of RhoE/Rnd3 itself is regulated by ROCK1, which phosphorylates RhoE/Rnd3 at Ser11, enhancing its activity. RhoE/Rnd3 has been implicated in inhibition of DNA-damage induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In keratinocytes, RhoE/Rnd3 regulates differentiation through its effects on both proliferation and adhesion.

References

[1] DerMardirossian, C. and Bokoch, G.M. (2005) Trends Cell Biol 15, 356-63.
[2] Foster, R. et al. (1996) Mol Cell Biol 16, 2689-99.
[3] Riento, K. et al. (2005) Biochem Soc Trans 33, 649-51.
[4] Riento, K. et al. (2003) Mol Cell Biol 23, 4219-29.
[5] Riento, K. et al. (2005) EMBO J 24, 1170-80.
[6] Boswell, S.A. et al. (2007) J Biol Chem 282, 4850-8.
[7] Poch, E. et al. (2007) Exp Cell Res 313, 719-31.
[8] Liebig, T. et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell 20, 452-63.

Raw materials

Preparation Products