タンニン酸 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色?うすい褐色, 粉末
定義
本品は、有機(jī)酸の混合物であり、主として次の化學(xué)式で表される化合物からなる。
溶解性
水、エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、エーテル及びクロロホルムにほとんど溶けない。水に易溶。エタノールに可溶。エーテルに不溶。
解説
広義のタンニン酸と同義語である．ガロタンニンともいう．ブナ科ナラなどの樹皮，ウルシ科植物ウルシなどの葉，熱帯産植物カリロクの果実など，植物界に広く分布し，多數(shù)のフェノール性ヒドロキシ基をもつ，構(gòu)造の複雑な芳香族化合物の総稱．構(gòu)造的には，フラバノール骨格が重合した縮合型タンニンと，沒食子酸やエラグ酸などフェノール性カルボン酸が糖とエステル結(jié)合した可溶性タンニンとに大別される．淡黃色または淡褐色の不定形粉末で，わずかに特有の臭いと収れん性の味をもつ．空気中で光によりしだいに暗色にかわる．アルブミン，デンプン，ゼラチン，多くのアルカロイドおよび金屬塩と沈殿をつくり，鉄塩により青黒色を呈する．水に易溶，アルコール類，アセトンに可溶．
森北出版「化學(xué)辭典（第2版）
無機(jī)性値/有機(jī)性値
3335/1520
用途
インキ製造、印刷?寫真、醫(yī)薬原料
化粧品の成分用途
パーマネント.ウェーブ用還元剤、収れん剤、酸化防止剤、香料
効能
収斂薬
応用
ベンゼン，エーテル，クロロホルムなどに不溶．媒染剤，皮なめし，インキ，印刷，寫真用に用いられる.
健康影響
タンニン酸は適度に摂取することで様々な健康効果をもたらす可能性がありますが過剰に摂取すると消化器官に不快感を與えることがあります特に鉄分の吸収を阻害する作用があるため貧血の人は摂取に注意が必要ですしかしその強(qiáng)力な抗酸化作用や抗菌作用により適量を守ることで健康維持に貢獻(xiàn)することができます
展望
近年タンニン酸に関する研究が進(jìn)んでおりその機(jī)能性による新たな応用可能性が探求されています特にその抗酸化性能を活かした健康食品やサプリメントの開発が注目されていますまたタンニン酸は自然由來の成分であるため化學(xué)合成物質(zhì)に対する安全性の懸念が少ないことも今後の展開において大きな利點(diǎn)となっています
説明
Tannic acid is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol and can
be found in practically all aerial plant tissues. Tannic acid was
historically used for the treatment of diarrhea, topically to dress
skin burns and rectally for treatment of unspecified rectal
disorders. Pharmaceutical use of tannic acid is discontinued
due to safer and better alternatives.
An unusually high incidence of esophageal cancer has been
noted in areas of South Africa, where a sorghum rich in tannins
is consumed. A positive relation has been observed between the
tannin content of the sorghum and the incidence of esophageal
cancer.
化學(xué)的特性
Tannic acid, C
14H
10O
9, also known as digallic acid, tannin, and gallotannin, is a yellowish powder that decomposes at 210°C (410°F). Tannic acid is derived from nutgalls. It is soluble in water and alcohol,and is insoluble in acetone and ether. Tannic acid is used in tanning,textiles, and as an alcohol denaturant. An amorphous form of tannic acid, also known as pentadigalloylglucose, exists with the formula C
76H
52O
46. It is a yellowish to brownish powder that is very soluble in alcohol and ether.It also decomposes between 210 and 215°C (410 and 419 °F). This form is used to clarify wine or beer, as a reagent,and as a mordant in dyeing.
天然物の起源
Reported found in Quercus oliver and related species; Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa); and various sumac species, including Rhus semialata, R. coriaria, R. glabra and R. typhia.
使用
Tannic Acid is a sequestrant that refers to a mixture of hydrolyzable
tannins of a more complex structure than gallic acid. it is used in
clarifying beer and wine. see tannins.
定義
tannic acid: A yellowish complexorganic compound present in certainplants. It is used in dyeing as a mordant.
製造方法
Tannic acid is obtained by solvent extraction from the nutgalls or the excrescences that form on the young twigs of Quercus olivier and allied species of Quercus L.; from the seed pods of Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa); or from the nutgalls of various sumac species, including Rhus semialata, R. coriaria, R. glabra and R. typhia.
安全性
タンニン酸を含む製品の製造過程においては環(huán)境への配慮も重要なポイントとなります天然資源を利用する際には持続可能な方法での採取が必要であり製造過程でのエネルギー消費(fèi)や廃棄物の削減にも努める必要がありますこれらの環(huán)境に優(yōu)しい製造プロセスを通じてタンニン酸の持続可能な利用が推進(jìn)されています
一般的な説明
Light yellow to tan solid with a faint odor. Sinks and mixes with water.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble. Gradually darkens on exposure to air and/or light
反応プロフィール
Glycerite decomposes at 210° to carbon dioxide and pyrogallol, which can form irritating vapors [USCG, 1999]. Incompatible with salts of heavy metals, alkaloids, gelatin, albumin, starch, oxidizing substances-e.g., permanganates, chlorates; lime water [Merck].
危険性
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Questionable
carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat, coughing, and sneezing. Ingestion may cause gastric disturbance. Contact with eyes causes irritation.
火災(zāi)危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes at 210° to carbon dioxide and pyrogallol, which can form irritating vapors.
化學(xué)性質(zhì)
タンニン酸はその強(qiáng)力な抗酸化性能によって知られていますこれはフリーラジカルを捕捉する能力が非常に高いことに起因していますこの抗酸化作用により細(xì)胞の老化防止やがん予防など様々な健康効果が期待されていますまたタンニン酸は金屬イオンと結(jié)合する性質(zhì)がありこれが渋みの感覚に寄與していると考えられています
工業(yè)用途
Quebracho is the most common tannic acid derivative widely used in flotation. The
main phenolic nuclei present in Quebracho are resorcinol/phloroglucinol and catechol/pyrogallol.
Quebracho is commercially available in the following three forms: (a) standard
Quebracho, a direct hot-water extract from the heart-wood with adjusted pH (Qu–O), (b)
sulfited Quebracho, in which sulfonic acid groups have been introduced (Qu–S) and (c)
aminated Quebracho (Qu–A), where amine groups are introduced to ordinary Quebracho,
rendering the polymer amphoteric (iso-electric point at pH 7). Each of these types of
Quebracho has a different depressing effect.
材料の用途
Tannic acid has been demonstrated to be capable of making a great contribution to the membrane science and technology. Especially in membrane surface/interface engineering (such as the construction of superhydrophilic and antifouling surfaces and polymer/nanoparticle interfaces with high compatibility) and development of thin film composite membranes with high permselectivity (such as developing thin film composite membranes with ultrahigh flux and high rejection), tannic acid can play a positive and great role
[1].
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intravenous
and intraperitoneal routes. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
合成
Tannic acid is synthesized by extraction from Nutgalls (Chinese or Turkish), Myrobalans (Terminalia SP.), Oakbark, etc. It is also synthesized by esterification of Glucose with meta-galloylgallic acid.
環(huán)境運(yùn)命予測
Tannins and tannic acid occur naturally in plants. Essentially all
wood and plant tissue contain tannins. Therefore, biodegradation
is expected to be the major environmental fate process
for tannic acid.
タンニン酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品