スクシノニトリル 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～ほとんど無色, 塊又は 白色～ほとんど白色, 結(jié)晶
溶解性
水及びエタノールに溶ける。
解説
スクシノニトリル，シアン化エチレンともいう．1,2-ジブロモエタンとシアン化カリウムをエタノール中で反応させるか，シアン化カリウムの存在下でアクリロニトリルにシアン化水素を作用させると得られる．ガラス?fàn)罱Y(jié)晶．融點(diǎn)57 ℃，沸點(diǎn)266 ℃．アセトン，クロロホルム，ジオキサンに可溶，水，エタノール，ベンゼン，エーテル，二硫化炭素に難溶．加水分解するとコハク酸とアンモニアになり，還元するとテトラメチレンジアミンになる．
用途
有機(jī)合成原料。
化學(xué)的特性
almost white to brown crystalline solid. Succinonitrile [110-61-2], ethylene dicyanide, ethylene cyanide, dicyanoethane, butanedinitrile, NCCH2CH2CN, is a colorless, waxy solid slightly soluble in water and ethanol. Succinonitrile is obtained by addition of hydrogen cyanide to acrylonitrile. Subsequent hydrogenation of succinonitrile yields 1,4-diaminobutane, which reacts with adipic acid to form the new polyamide 46. The polymer, developed by DSM (Netherlands), is marketed under the trade name Stanyl; the latter is reported to have excellent mechanical properties at high temperature.
調(diào)製方法
Succinonitrile is derived from the interaction of ethylene
dibromide and potassium cyanide in the presence of alcohol.
一般的な説明
Colorless to light brown crystals. Colorless waxy soild melting at 57°C. Highly toxic.
空気と水の反応
Soluble in water [Hawley].
反応プロフィール
Succinonitrile is incompatible with acids and oxidizing agents (such as peroxides and epoxides). Can react violently with strong oxidizing acids. Is hydrolyzed exothermically in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). Can react vigorously with reducing agents.
危険性
A poison.
火災(zāi)危険
Succinonitrile is combustible.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. Decomposes exothermically above 195°C. Can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition, or on contact with acid or acid fumes, it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. See also NITRILES.
純化方法
Purify the nitrile by vacuum sublimation, and/or crystallisation from acetone. [Beilstein 2 H 615, 2 IV 1923.]
スクシノニトリル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品