MOTS-c 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
説明
MOTS-c is a peptide hormone encoded in the mitochondrial genome. It regulates metabolic homeostasis and enhances physical performance. It is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) that promotes biosynthesis of the endogenous AMP analog AICAR and consequently AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Induces cellular and systemic glucose uptake and improves insulin sensitivity. Shown to prevent diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. Potential anti-obesity and anti-aging compound.
生物學(xué)の機(jī)能
MOTS-c, as a mitochondrial coding regulator, has endocrine-like and nuclear transcriptional regulation on muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity and body weight. Approximately 11.9-fold increase in endogenous MOTS-c levels has been found in skeletal muscle following exercise (compared to pre-exercise values), and this increase can remain for 4 hours following exercise. In addition, circulating endogenous MOTS-c levels increase 1.6-fold during exercise, 1.5-fold after exercise, and then return to baseline levels after 4 hours. MOTS-c, as a new type of mitochondrial signal molecule, may stimulate exercise-mediated physiological responses to increase endurance. Therefore, MOTS-c can be used as a motion simulator to mediate the function of the motion signal system.
MOTS-c has also been found to be involved in the regulation of nuclear gene expression by binding to transcription factors. Under resting conditions, MOTS-c is mainly distributed in the mitochondria outside the nucleus. When metabolic stress occurs, MOTS-c in cells can be transferred to the nucleus in an AMPK-dependent manner and bind to transcription factors regulated by ARE, thus improving the stress resistance of cells.
Furthermore, MOTS-c plays the role of endocrine-like factors by regulating nuclear transcription to restore homeostasis. The function may have important implications for age-related diseases in response to metabolic stress by promoting intracellular homeostasis, and MOTS-c gene polymorphisms are associated with human lifespan. Moreover, MOTS-c may improve diabetes by inhibiting insulin resistance and diet-induced obesity. MOTS-c can promote glucose utilization, inhibit oxidative stress, activate NF-κB to inhibit inflammation, and effectively protect coronary artery endothelial cell dysfunction[3].
副作用
MOTS-c is reported to be safe in recommended dosages. The side effects of this compound include Injection site pruritus. As with all injections, redness and pain at the injection site may be present. As MOTS-c targets the folate cycle and de novo purine biosynthesis pathways, a depletion of intracellular 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) may occur when using MOTS-c protocols.
MOTS-c 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品