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Ethyl maltol has a very sweet, fruit-like odor of immense tenacity and sweet, fruity taste with initial bitter-tart flavor; rapid loss of flavor per se. It is four to six times more potent than maltol.

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Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature.

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Ethyl Maltol is a flavoring agent that is a white, crystalline powder. it has a unique odor and a sweet taste that resembles fruit. the melt- ing point is 90°c. it is sparingly soluble in water and propylene gly- col and soluble in alcohol and chloroform. it is obtained by chemical synthesis.

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Unlike maltol, ethyl maltol does not occur naturally. It may be prepared by treating a-ethylfurfuryl alcohol with a halogen to produce 4-halo-6-hydroxy-2-ethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one, which is converted to ethyl maltol by hydrolysis.

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Several syntheses have been developed for its preparation. In a one-pot process, for example, -ethylfurfuryl alcohol is treated with halogen to give 4-halo- 6-hydroxy-2-ethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one, which need not be isolated and can be converted to ethylmaltol by aqueous hydrolysis.

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Ethyl maltol is a synthetic homologue of maltol, often found as flavor enhancers and it contributes to the fragrance of commercials products such as cereals, breads, malt beverages, coffee, soybeans and chocolate milk.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Ethyl maltol is used in pharmaceutical formulations and food products as a flavoring agent or flavor enhancer in applications similar to maltol. It has a flavor and odor 4–6 times as intense asmaltol. Ethyl maltol is used in oral syrups at concentrations of about 0.004% w/v and also at low levels in perfumery.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Safety

In animal feeding studies, ethyl maltol has been shown to be well tolerated with no adverse toxic, reproductive, or embryogenic effects. It has been reported that while the acute toxicity of ethyl maltol, in animal studies, is slightly greater than maltol, with repeated dosing the opposite is true. The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake for ethyl maltol at up to 2 mg/kg bodyweight.
LD50 (chicken, oral): 1.27 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 1.15 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 0.78 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.91 g/kg

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When orally administered, ethyl maltol was rapidly and extensively absorbed. Elimination was also extensive and rapid, involving conjugation as the glucuronide and ethereal sulphate, and excretion in the urine to the extent of 65-70% within 24 hr. Rate studies after iv dosage indicated that the bulk (86%) of the recovered conjugates was excreted within 6 hr (Rennhard, 1971).

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Solutions may be stored in glass or plastic containers. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral syrup).

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