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説明

GHRH is expressed and secreted from the hypothalamic neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARC). GHRH stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) in the anterior pituitary. In 1982, three isoforms of GHRH(1–37, 1–40, 1–44 aa residues) were initially isolated from human pancreatic tumors that caused acromegaly, and the latter two were found in the human hypothalamus. The aa sequence of GHRH was also identified in various vertebrates from rodents to fish, including a protochordate. In nonmammalian vertebrates, GHRH-like peptide (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-related peptide in mammals) was first isolated like GHRH, although the GHRH-like peptide had less activity on GH release. Later, actual GHRH, which was more phylogenetically and structurally similar to mammalian GHRH and showed GH-releasing activity, was isolated in nonmammalian vertebrates.