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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
1,2-BenzenediaMine, 4-[6-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1H-benziMidazol-2-yl]- 1,2-BenzenediaMine, 4-[6-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1H-benziMidazol-2-yl]- 23491-49-8 C18H22N6
R-3-iodo-2,2'-bis(MethoxyMethoxy)1,1'-Binaphthalene R-3-iodo-2,2'-bis(MethoxyMethoxy)1,1'-Binaphthalene 389125-79-5 C24H21IO4
3-Bromo-3'-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl 3-Bromo-3'-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl 844856-42-4 C12H8BrCl
1-(aMinoMethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile hcl 1-(aMinoMethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile hcl 1205544-78-0 C5H9ClN2
2-chloro-6-fluorosodiuM benzoate 2-chloro-6-fluorosodiuM benzoate 1382106-10-6 C7H3ClFNaO2
4-broMo-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile 4-broMo-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile 123688-59-5 C7H2BrF2N
(1-Bromo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene (1-Bromo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene 434-42-4 C8H6BrF3
4-Bromo-2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)benzene 4-Bromo-2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)benzene 1062614-42-9 C7H4BrClF2O
1-Bromo-3-cyclohexylbenzene 1-Bromo-3-cyclohexylbenzene 19920-84-4 C12H15Br
5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl cyanide 5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl cyanide 1426290-08-5 C8H4BrClFN
2,4-Dibromo-1,3-benzenediol 2,4-Dibromo-1,3-benzenediol 18011-67-1 C6H4Br2O2
4-Bromo-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile 4-Bromo-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile 22433-89-2 C8H3BrN2
4-N-BUTOXYBENZYL BROMIDE 4-N-BUTOXYBENZYL BROMIDE 2417-74-5 C11H15BrO
(S)-4-Chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (S)-4-Chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane 60456-22-6 C6H11ClO2
1-BROMO-2,5-DICHLORO-3-FLUOROBENZENE 1-BROMO-2,5-DICHLORO-3-FLUOROBENZENE 202865-57-4 C6H2BrCl2F
3,5-Bis(bromomethyl)toluene 3,5-Bis(bromomethyl)toluene 19294-04-3 C9H10Br2
1-(4-BroMophenyl)-1,2,2-triphenylethylene 1-(4-BroMophenyl)-1,2,2-triphenylethylene 34699-28-0 C26H19Br
1,3,5-Tris(3,5-dibromophenyl)benzene 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-dibromophenyl)benzene 29102-67-8 C24H12Br6
1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl chloride 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl chloride 60907-88-2 C10H13Cl
1,3-Naphthalenediol, 7-fluoro-8-[2-[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]ethynyl]- 1,3-Naphthalenediol, 7-fluoro-8-[2-[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]ethynyl]- 2621932-34-9 C21H27FO2Si
calcium methanedisulphonate (1:1) calcium methanedisulphonate (1:1) 819-17-0 CH4O6S2.Ca
1-[4-[(6-Bromohexyl)oxy]butyl]benzene 1-[4-[(6-Bromohexyl)oxy]butyl]benzene 94749-73-2 C16H25BrO
Lucicyclohexane Lucicyclohexane
1,2-CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIBUTYL ESTER 1,2-CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIBUTYL ESTER 62950-20-3 C16H28O4
1-Benzyloxynaphthalene 1-Benzyloxynaphthalene 607-58-9 C17H14O
4-Amino-3-bromo-5-fluorobenzonitrile 4-Amino-3-bromo-5-fluorobenzonitrile 874880-58-7 C7H4BrFN2
3,4-Dichloro-5-fluorobromobenzene 3,4-Dichloro-5-fluorobromobenzene 1000572-93-9 C6H2BrCl2F
1-(BROMOMETHYL)ADAMANTANE 1-(BROMOMETHYL)ADAMANTANE 14651-42-4 C11H17Br
hexahydroxy-benzene hexahydroxy-benzene 608-80-0 C6H6O6
Senicapoc Senicapoc 289656-45-7 C20H15F2NO
1,4-DIBROMO-2,3-DIFLUOROBENZENE 1,4-DIBROMO-2,3-DIFLUOROBENZENE 156682-52-9 C6H2Br2F2
9-[(4-Butyl-1,3-cyclopentadien-1-yl)diphenylmethyl]-2,7-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-9H-fluorene 9-[(4-Butyl-1,3-cyclopentadien-1-yl)diphenylmethyl]-2,7-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-9H-fluorene 1613036-26-2 C43H48
toddacoumaquinone toddacoumaquinone 142878-03-3 C23H18O7
2-benzoquinone 2-benzoquinone 583-63-1 C6H4O2
BROMODIIODOMETHANE BROMODIIODOMETHANE 557-95-9 CHBrI2
Sodium Naphthalene Formaldehyde Sodium Naphthalene Formaldehyde
SHB SHB 70074-31-6 C11H9NO5
3’,5’-Di-O-acetyl-2-fluoro-2’-O-trifluoro-methanesulfonyladenosine 3’,5’-Di-O-acetyl-2-fluoro-2’-O-trifluoro-methanesulfonyladenosine 161109-76-8 C15H15F4N5O8S
(1R,3s,5S)-3-(3-Isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1R,3s,5S)-3-(3-Isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 423165-07-5 C13H22N4
2,3-DIBROMOPENTANE 2,3-DIBROMOPENTANE 5398-25-4 C5H10Br2
2,2-DIPHENYLPROPANE 2,2-DIPHENYLPROPANE 778-22-3 C15H16
(R)-Epibromohydrine (R)-Epibromohydrine 51594-57-1 C3H5BrO
1,3,5,7-TETRAPHENYLADAMANTANE 1,3,5,7-TETRAPHENYLADAMANTANE 16004-75-4 C34H32
1-((DIMETHYLAMINO)(PHENYL)METHYL)NAPHTHALEN-2-OL 1-((DIMETHYLAMINO)(PHENYL)METHYL)NAPHTHALEN-2-OL 39487-54-2 C19H19NO
4-BROMO-2-ETHOXY-1-METHOXYBENZENE 4-BROMO-2-ETHOXY-1-METHOXYBENZENE 52849-52-2 C9H11BrO2
4-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide 4-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide 116332-54-8 C9H10FNO2
3-FLUORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 3-FLUORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 239087-09-3 C8H5BrF4
1-Acetyl-3-hydroxyazetidine 1-Acetyl-3-hydroxyazetidine 118972-96-6 C5H9NO2
2-(Methylsulfonyl)benzyl bromide 2-(Methylsulfonyl)benzyl bromide 82657-74-7 C8H9BrO2S
6-Fluoro-1-hydroxynaphthalene 6-Fluoro-1-hydroxynaphthalene 804498-72-4 C10H7FO
N,N'-di-(1-Naphthalenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1':4',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-4,4'''-diamine N,N'-di-(1-Naphthalenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1':4',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-4,4'''-diamine 948552-24-7 C56H40N2
p-Bpye , 1,4-di(pyren-1-yl)benzene p-Bpye , 1,4-di(pyren-1-yl)benzene 475460-77-6 C38H22
4-(4-Bromophenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan 4-(4-Bromophenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan 955959-84-9 C18H11BrO
4-Bromo-1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid 4-Bromo-1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid 1211594-25-0 C9H6BrNO2
3-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)PROPYL BROMIDE 3-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)PROPYL BROMIDE 59551-75-6 C6H13BrO2
BIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)ZINC  97 BIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)ZINC 97 1799-90-2 C12F10Zn
4-BROMO-3-FLUOROPHENYLZINC IODIDE  0.5M& 4-BROMO-3-FLUOROPHENYLZINC IODIDE 0.5M& 352525-65-6 C6H3BrFIZn
1 3-BIS(P-CARBOXYPHENOXY)PROPANE 1 3-BIS(P-CARBOXYPHENOXY)PROPANE 3753-81-9 C17H16O6
BENZYLPHOSPHONIC DICHLORIDE BENZYLPHOSPHONIC DICHLORIDE 1499-19-0 C7H7Cl2OP
N-(2-(((1s,3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)oxy)-6-((S)-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonamide N-(2-(((1s,3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)oxy)-6-((S)-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonamide 1192815-32-9 C30H36N2O4S
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4A,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8A-HEPTADECAFLUORODECAHYDRO-8-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-NAPHTHALENE 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4A,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8A-HEPTADECAFLUORODECAHYDRO-8-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-NAPHTHALENE 89591-63-9 C11F20
Benzene, 1,1'-sulfinylbis[4-(trifluoromethyl)- Benzene, 1,1'-sulfinylbis[4-(trifluoromethyl)- 143028-36-8 C14H8F6OS
2-(2-hydroperoxypropan-2-yl)-6-propan-2-ylnaphthalene 2-(2-hydroperoxypropan-2-yl)-6-propan-2-ylnaphthalene 105443-43-4 C16H20O2
Elagolix-001 Elagolix-001 110143-62-9 C14H21NO5S
octamethyl 5,5',5'',5'''-[methanetetrayltetrakis(4,1-phenyleneethyne-2,1-diyl)]tetraisophthalate octamethyl 5,5',5'',5'''-[methanetetrayltetrakis(4,1-phenyleneethyne-2,1-diyl)]tetraisophthalate 1287733-05-4 C73H52O16
2,5-DIBROMO-M-XYLENE 2,5-DIBROMO-M-XYLENE 100189-84-2 C8H8Br2
5-Bromo-3-chloro-1H-indazole 5-Bromo-3-chloro-1H-indazole 36760-19-7 C7H4BrClN2
OCTADECYL RHODAMINE B CHLORIDE OCTADECYL RHODAMINE B CHLORIDE 65603-19-2 C46H67ClN2O3
2,5-BIS(HEXYL)-1,4-DIBROMOBENZENE 2,5-BIS(HEXYL)-1,4-DIBROMOBENZENE 117635-21-9 C18H28Br2
TETRAMETHYLETHYLENE OXIDE TETRAMETHYLETHYLENE OXIDE 5076-20-0 C6H12O
4,4'-Dichlorobenzil 4,4'-Dichlorobenzil 3457-46-3 C14H8Cl2O2
1-(2-bromoethyl)-4-octylbenzene 1-(2-bromoethyl)-4-octylbenzene 268557-54-6 C16H25Br
1,4-DIBROMO-2-ETHYLBENZENE 1,4-DIBROMO-2-ETHYLBENZENE 289039-53-8 C8H8Br2
4-FLUOROBENZAMIDOXIME 4-FLUOROBENZAMIDOXIME 22179-78-8 C7H7FN2O
FLUOROBENZENE-D5 FLUOROBENZENE-D5 1423-10-5 C6D5F
(di-(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphino)phenylacetylene (di-(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphino)phenylacetylene 61138-64-5 C22H19O2P
1-chloro-3-dichlorophosphorylbenzene 1-chloro-3-dichlorophosphorylbenzene 23415-70-5 C6H4Cl3OP
2-Naphthalenol, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 2-Naphthalenol, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 343317-41-9 C14H16O
11H-Benzo[b]fluorene, 5-bromo-11,11-dimethyl- 11H-Benzo[b]fluorene, 5-bromo-11,11-dimethyl- 2124211-83-0 C19H15Br
1,3,4-Oxadiazole, 2-[4-(bromomethyl)-3-fluorophenyl]-5-(difluoromethyl)- 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, 2-[4-(bromomethyl)-3-fluorophenyl]-5-(difluoromethyl)- 2071227-85-3 C10H6BrF3N2O
Benzoic acid, 4-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-6-fluoro-, methyl ester Benzoic acid, 4-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-6-fluoro-, methyl ester 1935921-64-4 C9H7Br2FO2
tetrasodium 4,4'-[(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonate tetrasodium 4,4'-[(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonate 6771-84-2 C34H26N4O14S4.4Na
2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy-5-[[4-[[5-hydroxy-6-[(4-methoxy-2-sulfophenyl)azo]-7-sulfo-2-naphthalenyl]amino]-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-3-[(2-sulfophenyl)azo]-, pentasodium salt 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy-5-[[4-[[5-hydroxy-6-[(4-methoxy-2-sulfophenyl)azo]-7-sulfo-2-naphthalenyl]amino]-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-3-[(2-sulfophenyl)azo]-, pentasodium salt 2184-15-8 C40H29N10Na5O19S5
calcium disodium bis[2-chloro-5-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]-4-sulphonatobenzoate] calcium disodium bis[2-chloro-5-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]-4-sulphonatobenzoate] 5850-80-6 C34H18CaCl2N4Na2O12S2
5-methyl-3-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)pyrocatechol 5-methyl-3-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)pyrocatechol 2213-68-5 C15H24O2
3-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonamide 3-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonamide 5264-47-1 C16H15N5O4S
p-acetamidobenzenesulphonyl fluoride p-acetamidobenzenesulphonyl fluoride 329-20-4 C8H8FNO3S
(3,3-diethoxypropyl)benzene (3,3-diethoxypropyl)benzene 6956-37-2 C13H20O2
1,2-diethyldiaziridine 1,2-diethyldiaziridine 6794-94-1 C5H12N2
2,5-di(2-naphthyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 2,5-di(2-naphthyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 802-51-7 C22H14N2O
butyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzoate butyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzoate 51-38-7 C11H12I2O3
(R*,R*)-(±)-2-nitro-1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol (R*,R*)-(±)-2-nitro-1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol 5285-85-8 C9H11NO4
1,5-bis[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]amino]anthraquinone 1,5-bis[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]amino]anthraquinone 3008-76-2 C30H28N4O2
Hexadecane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-heptadecafluoro- Hexadecane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-heptadecafluoro- 6145-05-7 C16H17F17
poly[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-f l uorene)-alt-5,5′-bis(2,2′-thiophene)-2,6-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracaboxylic-N,N′-di(2-ethylhexyl)imide] poly[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-f l uorene)-alt-5,5′-bis(2,2′-thiophene)-2,6-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracaboxylic-N,N′-di(2-ethylhexyl)imide]
1,7-dichloronaphthalene 1,7-dichloronaphthalene 2050-73-9 C10H6Cl2
3,6-bis(chloromethyl)toluene 3,6-bis(chloromethyl)toluene 2387-18-0 C9H10Cl2
sodium 4,5-dichloro-2-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]benzenesulphonate sodium 4,5-dichloro-2-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]benzenesulphonate 5850-81-7 C16H9Cl2N2NaO4S
sodium 2-naphtholate sodium 2-naphtholate 875-83-2 C10H7NaO
4-Toluenesulfonyl bromide 4-Toluenesulfonyl bromide 1950-69-2 C7H7BrO2S
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