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1,8-Cineole

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1,8-Cineole Basic information
Product Name:1,8-Cineole
Synonyms:1,8-EPOXY-PARA-MENTHANE;EUCALYPTOL WITH GC;1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-d3;1,8-Cineol-d3;1,8-Cineole-d3;1,8-Epoxy -p-menthane-d3;2-Oxa-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-d3;Cajeputol-d3
CAS:470-82-6
MF:C10H18O
MW:154.25
EINECS:207-431-5
Product Categories:Miscellaneous Natural Products;Heterocycles;Bicyclic Monoterpenes;Biochemistry;Terpenes;Inhibitors;Heterocyclic Compounds;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Isotope Labeled Compounds;Pharmaceuticals;Isotope Labelled Compounds
Mol File:470-82-6.mol
1,8-Cineole Structure
1,8-Cineole Chemical Properties
Melting point 1-2 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 176-177 °C(lit.)
density 0.9225
vapor pressure 1.22hPa at 20℃
refractive index n20/D 1.457(lit.)
FEMA 2465 | EUCALYPTOL
Fp 122 °F
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility 3.5g/l
form Liquid
color Clear colorless to slightly yellow
Odorat 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. eucalyptus herbal camphor medicinal
Odor Typeherbal
Water Solubility Soluble in water(3500 mg/L (at 21°C). Miscible with ether, alcohol, chloroform, glacial acetic acid, oils. Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride.
FreezingPoint min. 1.4 ℃
Merck 14,3895
JECFA Number1234
BRN 105109
Henry's Law Constant5.9×10-2 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Kish et al. (2013)
Dielectric constant4.8399999999999999
Stability:Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with acids, bases, strong oxidizing agents.
Major Applicationflavors and fragrances
Cosmetics Ingredients FunctionsDENATURANT
PERFUMING
TONIC
InChI1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)8-4-6-10(3,11-9)7-5-8/h8H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t8-,10+
InChIKeyWEEGYLXZBRQIMU-WAAGHKOSSA-N
SMILESC[C@]12CC[C@H](CC1)C(C)(C)O2
LogP3.4
CAS DataBase Reference470-82-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceEucalyptol(470-82-6)
EPA Substance Registry SystemEucalyptol (470-82-6)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi,F
Risk Statements 10-37/38-41-36/37/38
Safety Statements 26-39-16
RIDADR UN 1993 3/PG 3
WGK Germany 2
RTECS OS9275000
TSCA TSCA listed
HS Code 2932 99 00
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup III
Storage Class3 - Flammable liquids
Hazard ClassificationsFlam. Liq. 3
Skin Sens. 1
Hazardous Substances Data470-82-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in Rabbit: 2480 mg/kg
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
1,8-Cineole Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionEucalyptol is a bicyclic monoterpene that has been found in Eucalyptus and other plants, including C. sativa and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, decongestant, antinociceptive, and insect repellent properties. Eucalyptol (10 μM) inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-5 production by primary human lymphocytes stimulated by ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; ). It also decreases LPS-induced mucus production by primary human nasal turbinate slices when used at a concentration of 10 μM. Eucalyptol (400 mg/kg) decreases carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats and reduces the time spent licking the hind paw in a formalin-induced nociception test in mice. It inhibits A. aegypti mosquitoes from feeding on anesthetized gerbils when applied topically at a concentration of 10% and from laying eggs in an ovipositional bioassay when used at a concentration of 1% in standing water. Formulations containing eucalyptol have been used in mouthwash and cough suppressants.
Chemical PropertiesEucalyptol has a characteristic camphoraceous odor and fresh, pungent, cooling taste.
Chemical Properties1,8-Cineole occurs in many terpene-containing essential oils, sometimes as the main component. For example, eucalyptus oils contain up to 85% 1,8-cineole and laurel leaf oil contains up to 70%. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor, slightly reminiscent of camphor. 1,8-Cineole is one of the few fragrance materials that is obtained exclusively by isolation from essential oils, especially eucalyptus oils. Technical-grade 1,8- cineole with a purity of 99.6–99.8% is produced in large quantities by fractional distillation of Eucalyptus globulus oil. A product essentially free from other products can be obtained by crystallization of cineole-rich eucalyptus oil fractions
OccurrenceIts name is derived from its presence in the essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus and Melaleuca leucadendron L. (essential oil of cajeput). It was originally identified in the essential oil of Artemisia maritime and subsequently in a large number (approx. 270) of other essential oils: rosemary, laurel leaves, clary sage, myrrh, cardamom, star anise, camphor, lavender, peppermint, Litsea guatemalensis, Luvunga scadens Roxb., Achillea micrantha and Salvia triloba. The essential oil of Eucalyptus polibrac tea has been reported to contain up to 91% eucalyptol. Also reported found in citrus oils and juices, guava, papaya, cinnamon bark, root and leaf, ginger, corn mint oil, spearmint, nutmeg, pepper, Thymus zygis, cardamom, cranberry, laurel, pepper, sweet marjoram, coriander, Spanish origanum, Ocimum basilicum, curcuma, sage, laurel, sweet and bitter fennel, myrtle leaf and berry, pimento and calamus.
Useseucalyptol is considered an antiseptic. This is a monoterpene compound that provides the fragrance associated with the essential oil of eucalyptus. eucalyptol is also used to fragrance cosmetic preparations.
UsesLabelled 1,8-Cineol, the chief constituent of oil of eucalyptus. Used as pharmaceutic aid (flavor).
Uses1,8-Cineol is the chief constituent of oil of eucalyptus. Used as pharmaceutic aid (flavor).
PreparationBy fractional distillation (170 to 180°C) from those essential oils containing high levels of eucalyptol, such as Eucalyptus globulus (approx. 60%), and subsequent separation of the product by congealing the distillate.
DefinitionChEBI: 1,8-cineole is a cineole. It has a role as a flavouring agent.
Aroma threshold valuesDetection: 1 to 64 ppb. Aroma characteristics at 1.0%: sweet, cooling, fresh, chemical pine, slightly minty with a spicy cardamom nuance.
Taste threshold valuesTaste characteristics at 5 ppm: cooling, fresh, oily, green, spicy, pine-like.
General DescriptionColorless liquid with a camphor-like odor. Spicy cooling taste.
Air & Water ReactionsHighly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity ProfileCineole will react with acids and bases.
Fire HazardFlash point data for Cineole are not available but Cineole is probably combustible.
Flammability and ExplosibilityFlammable
Biochem/physiol ActionsTaste at 30 ppm
Anticancer ResearchA statistically significant reduction of cell proliferation was observed compared tothe control cells when tested on RKO cells and human colon cancer cell linesHCT116 injected into the SCID mice. The 1,8-cineole induced apoptosis by inactivatingsurviving and Akt, activating p38, inducing PARP, and cleaving caspase-3(Rodd et al. 2015).
ToxicologyEucalyptol, a colourless organic compound, is a monoterpenoid and an ether. Among its various uses, eucalyptol is predominantly used as an insecticide and in fragrances (Klocke et al. 1987). The ques- tion of whether eucalyptol could potentiate toxicity has been assessed because of its widespread use in households. When Kunming mice received feed with a high dose of eucalyptol, liver and kidney tissue demonstrated vacuolar and granular degeneration (Xu et al. 2014). When the animals were fed with a subacute dose of eucalyptol, no discernible difference in body weight was observed (Xu et al. 2014). Eucalyptol’s safety profile has been assessed. Fatality after ingestion of eucalyptol oil has been reported; the approximate lethal dose of eucalyptol in the human is between 0.05 and 0.5 mL/kg of body weight (Hindle 1994). When male rats received eucalyptol, eosinophilic protein droplets accumulated in a dose- dependent fashion (Kristiansen and Madsen 1995). However, in a study of mutagenicity using CHO cells, eucalyptol did not induce mutagenicity as evidenced in the sister chromatid exchange assay (Galloway et al. 1987). Likewise, eucalyptol did not induce carcinogenicity in pathogen-free CFLP mice (Roe et al. 1979).
MetabolismEucalyptol undergoes oxidation in vivo with the formation of hydroxy cineole, which is excreted as hydroxycineoleglucuronic acid (Williams, 1959).
Solubility in organicsSoluble in Propylene glycol, miscible with alcohol and oils.
Purification MethodsPurify 1,8-cineol by dilution with an equal volume of pet ether, then saturate with dry HBr. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with small volumes of pet ether, then cineole is regenerated by stirring the crystals with H2O. It can also be purified via its o-cresol or resorcinol addition compounds. Store it over Na until required. Purify it also by fractional distillation. It is insoluble in H2O but soluble in organic solvents. [IR: Kome et al. Nippon Kagaku Zasshi [J Chem Soc Japan (Pure Chem Sect)] 80 66 1959, Chem Abstr 603 1961, Beilstein 17 II 32, 17/1 V 273.]
References[1] RUSSO E B. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects[J]. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2011, 163 7: 1344-1364. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x
[2] UWE R. JUERGENS . Inhibitory activity of 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) on cytokine production in cultured human lymphocytes and monocytes[J]. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2004, 17 5: Pages 281-287. DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2004.06.002
[3] HOLGER SUDHOFF. 1,8-Cineol Reduces Mucus-Production in a Novel Human Ex Vivo Model of Late Rhinosinusitis.[J]. PLoS ONE, 2015: e0133040. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133040
[4] F A SANTOS  V S R. Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of 1,8-cineole a terpenoid oxide present in many plant essential oils.[J]. Phytotherapy Research, 2000, 14 4: 240-244. DOI: 10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<240::aid-ptr573>3.0.co;2-x
[5] J A KLOCKE  M F B  M V Darlington. 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol), a mosquito feeding and ovipositional repellent from volatile oil ofHemizonia fitchii (Asteraceae).[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1987, 13 12: 2131-2141. DOI: 10.1007/bf01012562
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