BIS-TRIS Cas 6976-37-0

Specification

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BIS-Tris (full name: 2-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol) is a zwitterionic organic compound widely used as a biological buffer in biochemical and molecular biology research. It is not a medication, unlike Empagliflozin, but an essential laboratory reagent.

Key Chemical Property: It is a "Good's Buffer" — part of a series of buffers developed in the 1960s to provide stable pH in biological systems without interfering with biochemical processes.

Primary Uses and Applications

BIS-Tris is valued for its stability and minimal interference, making it ideal for sensitive biochemical techniques.

1. Gel Electrophoresis (Most Common Use)

• Purpose: To separate proteins or nucleic acids by size.

  Why BIS-Tris? It forms a stable pH gradient during electrophoresis, especially in polyacrylamide gels.

  Key Application: It is the preferred buffer for pre-cast NuPAGE? gels (commercial gel systems) used in western blotting and protein analysis. It provides superior resolution and sharper bands compared to older buffer systems like Tris-Glycine.

2. Protein Purification & Crystallization

• Purpose: To maintain a stable pH environment for proteins during purification steps (e.g., chromatography) or while growing protein crystals for X-ray crystallography.

  Why BIS-Tris? It has low UV absorbance, doesn't chelate metal ions strongly, and is less likely to interact with the protein of interest.

3. Cell Culture Media

• Purpose: To help maintain a constant physiological pH (typically around 6.5-7.5) in cell culture media.

  Why BIS-Tris? It is effective in the pH range relevant for many cell cultures and has low cell membrane permeability, meaning it stays outside the cell where it's needed.

4. General Laboratory Buffer

• Used in various enzymatic assays, spectrophotometric studies, and as a component in reagent formulations where a consistent pH between 5.5 and 7.5 is required.

Key Advantages (Why Scientists Choose BIS-Tris)

• Optimal pH Range: Effective pKa of ~6.5 at 25°C, making it perfect for many biological systems near physiological pH.

  Minimal Interference: Low reactivity with metal ions, reducing the chance of inhibiting metal-dependent enzymes.

  High Solubility: Highly soluble in water, allowing for the preparation of concentrated stock solutions.

  Stability: Chemically stable, resistant to enzymatic degradation, and does not absorb visible or UV light significantly.

  Isoelectric Focusing: Useful for creating immobilized pH gradients.

Comparison with Common Buffer "Tris"

It's crucial not to confuse BIS-Tris with the more common buffer Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane).

Safety and Handling

• Form: Typically a white crystalline powder.

  Safety: Generally considered low toxicity for laboratory use, but standard safety precautions (wearing gloves, eye protection, avoiding inhalation) should always be followed.

  Preparation: Solutions are made by dissolving the powder in purified water (e.g., deionized water) and adjusting to the exact pH using HCl or NaOH.

In summary, BIS-Tris is a specialized, high-performance buffering agent that is a staple in modern biochemistry labs, particularly prized for its role in producing high-quality protein separation data.

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