Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which emerged in Wuhan, China towards the end of 2019 and spread unabated across the globe, posing daunting challenges to the healthcare system, compelling the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare this outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January, 2020. Coronaviruses are widely distributed and highly infectious, making it a potent pathogen. The novel coronavirus was observed to have a long incubation period and highly infectious during this period. Currently, no effective treatment or specific drugs exist that can be used to prevent or counteract/mitigate the burden of COVID-19, vaccination remains the most effective and economical way to prevent and control COVID-19. Global vaccine development efforts have been accelerated in response to the devastating COVID-19 pandemic.