Heparin sodium is the sodium salt of heparin, a naturally occurring, highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) used as a potent anticoagulant. Here's its chemical profile:

Key Chemical Properties:

Structure:

• Linear polysaccharide chain of repeating disaccharide units:
  → Glucosamine (N-sulfated, O-sulfated)
  → Iduronic acid or Glucuronic acid (O-sulfated).

• High density of negative charges (–OSO??, –COO?, –NHSO??).

  Formula: Highly heterogeneous (no fixed MW).

• Average MW: 12,000–15,000 Da (unfractionated heparin).

• Sodium counterions neutralize sulfate/carboxylate groups.

  Source:

• Extracted from porcine intestine or bovine lung.

Mechanism of Action:

• Binds to antithrombin III (ATIII) → Accelerates inhibition of coagulation factors (especially IIa/thrombin, Xa).

Clinical Use:

• Anticoagulant: Prevents/treats thrombosis (DVT, PE, ACS).

• Administration: IV/SC injection (not orally absorbed).

Quality Control:

• Standardized in USP units (biological activity per mg).

≤100-word Summary:

Heparin sodium is the sodium salt of heparin, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan derived from animal tissues. Its structure consists of alternating sulfated glucosamine and uronic acid residues, creating a high negative charge. As a potent anticoagulant, it works by enhancing antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin (IIa) and factor Xa. Clinically, it treats deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and acute coronary syndromes. Due to its heterogeneity, potency is measured in USP units/mg rather than molecular weight. Key risks include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and bleeding. Low-molecular-weight heparins (e.g., enoxaparin) are derived from it for improved safety.