Capric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid. It contains eight carbon atoms in its chain, hence it is also known as octanoic acid. Capric acid is considered an essential fatty acid, which is indispensable for the proper functioning of the human body. A deficiency in capric acid may lead to problems with memory or focus.

It is a colorless oily liquid that solidifies into flaky crystals upon cooling, with a slightly uncomfortable odor and a rancid taste that turns into a fruity fragrance when diluted. It has a melting point of 16.3°C, a boiling point of 240°C, and a refractive index (nD20) of 1.4278. Capric acid is slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot water, and miscible with most organic solvents like ethanol and ether.