Povidone-iodine is a broad spectrum antiseptic for topical application in the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds, using the antiseptic properties of iodine. A study investigating its use in defective tissue in neural structures reveals that Myelin changes are absent or minimal in all cases of the control group but are present as markedly increased myelin degeneration in nearly all cases in the PVP-I group. Axonal degeneration and hypoxic neuronal damage are absent in the control group, whereas they are marked in half of the PVP-I group. No statistically significant differences are established in Schwann cell proliferation, venous congestion, and lymphocytic proliferation between the two groups.