Cerulenin (CAS 17397-89-6) is a natural small molecule inhibitor targeting fatty acid synthase (FAS), an enzyme essential for fatty acid biosynthesis. In rat aortic endothelial cells exposed to palmitic acid, treatment with cerulenin reduces inflammatory marker expression (IL-1β, TNFα, VCAM-1, IL-6) and restores nitric oxide production. In vivo studies using ob/ob mouse models demonstrate cerulenin-mediated reversal of hepatic steatosis, associated with decreased expression of PPARα/γ, reduced uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), elevated hepatic ATP levels, and lower ROS production. Cerulenin serves as a useful tool in metabolic research, particularly investigating fatty acid synthesis and related metabolic diseases.