影響因子：4.932

期刊：INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

作者列表：Tian Xiao, Xingzhi Yu, Jie Tao, Liping Yang, Xiaohua Duan

發(fā)表時(shí)間：2024-9-13

DOI:10.3390/ijms25189907

主要研究成果：first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints

Open AccessArticle

Metabolomics-Based Study of the Protective Effect of 4-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol on Ischemic Astrocytes

by Tian XiaoORCID,Xingzhi YuORCID,Jie Tao,Liping Yang andXiaohua Duan *

Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China

*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 9907; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189907

Submission received: 24 August 2024 / Revised: 8 September 2024 / Accepted: 11 September 2024 / Published: 13 September 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pharmacology)

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Abstract

Ischemic stroke is a common and dangerous disease in clinical practice. Astrocytes (ASs) are essential for maintaining the metabolic balance of the affected regions during the disease process. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4HBA) from Gastrodia elata Bl. has potential neuroprotective properties due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. In an in vitro experiment, we replicated the oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model, and used methyl thiazoly tertrazolium, flow cytometry, kits, and other technical means to clarify the protective effect of 4HBA on primary ASs. In in vivo experiments, the 2VO model was replicated, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to clarify the protective effect of 4HBA on ASs and the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Differential metabolites and related pathways were screened and verified using metabolomics analysis and western blot. 4HBA noticeably amplified AS cell survival, reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitigated oxidative stress. It demonstrated a protective effect on ASs in both environments and was instrumental in stabilizing the blood–brain barrier. Metabolomic data indicated that 4HBA regulated nucleic acid and glutathione metabolism, influencing purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids, and it activated the N-methyl-D-aspartate/p-cAMP-response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway via N-methyl-D-aspartate R1/N-methyl-D-aspartate 2C receptors. Our findings suggest that 4HBA is a potent neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke, enhancing AS cell survival and function while stabilizing the blood–brain barrier. The N-methyl-D-aspartate/p-cAMP-response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway is activated by 4HBA.