The ANPEP antibody targets the alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP) protein, also known as CD13 or aminopeptidase N (APN). ANPEP is a membrane-bound metalloprotease that cleaves N-terminal amino acids from peptides, regulating bioactive molecules like cytokines, hormones, and neuropeptides. It is widely expressed in epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells, including myeloid cells and activated lymphocytes. Functionally, ANPEP participates in processes such as antigen processing, cell migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
In research, ANPEP antibodies are used to study its roles in cancer, infectious diseases, and immune regulation. Overexpression of ANPEP is observed in certain cancers (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia, renal, and colon carcinomas) and correlates with tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. It also serves as a receptor for coronaviruses, including human coronavirus 229E. Additionally, ANPEP is implicated in modulating immune responses by influencing T-cell activation and cytokine signaling.
Clinically, ANPEP antibodies are utilized in diagnostic assays (e.g., flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry) to identify ANPEP-positive cells in tissues or blood. Therapeutic applications are being explored, such as antibody-drug conjugates targeting ANPEP in cancer therapy. Its dual role as a protease and signaling molecule makes ANPEP a multifaceted biomarker and potential therapeutic target in oncology and immunology.