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     Red: Control Antigen (100ng); Purple: Antigen (10ng); Green: Antigen (50ng); Blue: Antigen (100ng);    

  
  

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     Immunofluorescence analysis of PC-2 cells using CD15 mouse mAb (green). Blue: DRAQ5 fluorescent DNA dye. Red: Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor-555 phalloidin.    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human cerebellum tissues (left) and human liver cancer tissues (right) using CD15 mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

CD15 antibody targets the CD15 antigen, a carbohydrate epitope also known as Lewis X (LeX) or stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1). Structurally, CD15 is a trisaccharide (Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Fuc) commonly expressed on glycolipids and glycoproteins. Initially identified as a differentiation marker in hematopoietic cells, it is predominantly found on granulocytes, monocytes, and certain B-cell subsets. CD15 also appears in epithelial cells and some tumors, making it a valuable biomarker in both research and diagnostics.

In normal physiology, CD15 mediates cell-cell adhesion and signaling, particularly during immune responses. It interacts with selectins on endothelial cells, facilitating leukocyte migration to inflammation sites. Pathologically, CD15 overexpression is linked to malignancies, including Hodgkin’s lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and adenocarcinomas. Its presence on Reed-Sternberg cells aids in diagnosing classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, while loss of CD15 in colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis.

CD15 antibodies are widely used in immunohistochemistry to distinguish granulocytic lineages, monitor myeloid differentiation, and identify specific tumor subtypes. Therapeutic applications are emerging, with CD15-targeted therapies explored in cancers and inflammatory diseases. However, challenges remain due to CD15’s heterogeneous expression and structural variability across tissues. Recent studies also highlight its role in stem cell biology and microbial interactions, broadening its biomedical relevance. Ongoing research aims to refine its diagnostic utility and exploit its therapeutic potential.