The MUC15 antibody targets the mucin 15 (MUC15) protein, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the mucin family. MUC15 is characterized by its extracellular domain rich in serine, threonine, and proline residues, which undergoes O-glycosylation, a hallmark of mucins. It is expressed in various epithelial tissues, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts, where it plays roles in cell adhesion, lubrication, and signaling. MUC15 has garnered attention in cancer research due to its aberrant expression in malignancies such as colorectal, breast, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Its dual role—acting as a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on context—adds complexity to its functional profile. Studies suggest MUC15 modulates key pathways like EGFR, Wnt/β-catenin, and integrin signaling, influencing cell proliferation, metastasis, and immune evasion. Antibodies against MUC15 are primarily used as research tools to detect its expression in tissues or cell lines via techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting, and flow cytometry. They also hold potential for diagnostic or therapeutic applications, particularly in cancers where MUC15 serves as a biomarker. However, challenges remain in understanding its precise molecular mechanisms and isoform-specific functions, necessitating further validation of antibody specificity and clinical relevance.