來源:分離自沙門氏菌噬菌體 SP6(Salmonella phage SP6),屬于單亞基 RNA 聚合酶家族。
分子特性:
分子量:約 94 kDa,由約 830 個氨基酸殘基組成。
結構域:包含 N 端的 DNA 結合結構域(識別 SP6 啟動子)和 C 端的催化結構域(負責 RNA 鏈的延伸)。
輔助因子:需要鎂離子(Mg2?)激活,依賴 ATP、GTP、CTP、UTP 作為底物。
體外轉錄:以含有 SP6 啟動子序列的 DNA 為模板,特異性結合啟動子(5'-ATTTAGGTGACACTATAG-3'),催化 RNA 鏈從 + 1 位起始合成。
產(chǎn)物類型:合成單鏈 RNA,包括正義 RNA(sense RNA)、反義 RNA(antisense RNA)、小干擾 RNA(siRNA)前體、信使 RNA(mRNA)等。
應用場景:
制備 RNA 探針(用于 Northern blot、原位雜交);
合成體外翻譯模板;
生產(chǎn) siRNA 或 miRNA 用于基因沉默研究;
合成 CRISPR 實驗所需的 gRNA。
高度特異性:僅識別 SP6 啟動子的 17 bp 保守序列,與其他噬菌體聚合酶(如 T7、T3)的啟動子無交叉反應。
高效性:在適宜條件下(37℃,優(yōu)化緩沖液),可合成長達數(shù) kb 的 RNA,產(chǎn)率高達 1 μg/μL 反應體系。
依賴模板結構:需 DNA 模板的啟動子區(qū)域處于雙鏈狀態(tài),且 RNA 合成方向為 5'→3'。
Origin: Isolated from Salmonella phage SP6, belonging to the single-subunit RNA polymerase family.
Molecular Features:
Molecular Weight: Approximately 94 kDa, composed of ~830 amino acid residues.
Structural Domains: Contains an N-terminal DNA-binding domain (recognizes SP6 promoter) and a C-terminal catalytic domain (mediates RNA chain elongation).
Cofactors: Requires magnesium ions (Mg2?) for activation and uses ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP as substrates.
In Vitro Transcription: Uses DNA templates containing the SP6 promoter sequence, specifically binding to the promoter (5'-ATTTAGGTGACACTATAG-3') to initiate RNA synthesis from the +1 position.
Product Types: Synthesizes single-stranded RNA, including sense RNA, antisense RNA, siRNA precursors, and messenger RNA (mRNA).
Applications:
Preparation of RNA probes (for Northern blot, in situ hybridization);
Synthesis of templates for in vitro translation;
Production of siRNA/miRNA for gene silencing studies;
Generation of gRNA for CRISPR experiments.
High Specificity: Recognizes only the 17 bp conserved sequence of the SP6 promoter, with no cross-reactivity to promoters of other phage polymerases (e.g., T7, T3).
High Efficiency: Capable of synthesizing RNA up to several kilobases in length under optimal conditions (37℃, optimized buffer), with yields up to 1 μg/μL reaction volume.
Template Dependency: Requires the promoter region of the DNA template to be double-stranded, with RNA synthesis proceeding in the 5'→3' direction.
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