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     Gel: 12%SDS-PAGE, Lysate: 40 μg, Lane 1-3: Human fetal brain tissue, Hela cells, 293T cells, Primary antibody: P12418(PDPN Antibody) at dilution 1/200, Secondary antibody: Goat anti rabbit IgG at 1/8000 dilution, Exposure time: 5 minutes    

  
  

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue using P12418(PDPN Antibody) at dilution 1/20. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

Podoplanin (PDPN), a transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the *PDPN* gene, is best known for its role in lymphatic biology and cancer. Initially identified as a marker for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), PDPN distinguishes lymphatics from blood vessels due to its absence in the latter. Structurally, it contains platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains and mucin-like extracellular regions that mediate interactions with ligands like CLEC-2 on platelets, influencing thrombosis and metastasis.

PDPN is expressed in diverse cell types, including LECs, renal podocytes, alveolar type I cells, and stromal fibroblasts. Its pathological significance emerged from its overexpression in cancers (e.g., gliomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and sarcomas), where it promotes tumor invasion, migration, and lymphatic spread by enhancing cytoskeletal remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Anti-PDPN antibodies, such as the widely used monoclonal antibody D2-40. are critical tools in research and diagnostics. They enable the identification of lymphatic vessels in tissues, aiding cancer staging by detecting lymphovascular invasion. Additionally, these antibodies help characterize PDPN’s role in non-cancer contexts, such as inflammatory diseases and developmental processes. Recent studies also explore PDPN as a therapeutic target, with antibody-based strategies aiming to block its metastasis-promoting interactions. Despite progress, challenges remain in understanding PDPN’s tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms and its dual roles in homeostasis and disease.