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Cell Research

Cell Research

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Crystal structure of plant PLDα1 reveals catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of eukaryotic phospholipase D

Published:16 October 2019 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0244-6
Jianxu Li, Fang Yu, Hui Guo, Renxue Xiong, Wenjing Zhang, Fangyuan He, Minhua Zhang, Peng Zhang

Abstract

Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids and produces phosphatidic acid (PA), which acts as a second messenger in many living organisms. A large number of PLDs have been identified in eukaryotes, and are viewed as promising targets for drug design because these enzymes are known to be tightly regulated and to function in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of catalysis and regulation of eukaryotic PLD remain elusive. Here, we determined the crystal structure of full-length plant PLDα1 in the apo state and in complex with PA. The structure shows that the N-terminal C2 domain hydrophobically interacts with the C-terminal catalytic domain that features two HKD motifs. Our analysis reveals the catalytic site, substrate-binding mechanism, and a new Ca2+-binding site that is required for the activation of PLD. In addition, we tested several efficient small-molecule inhibitors against PLDα1, and suggested a possible competitive inhibition mechanism according to structure-based docking analysis. This study explains many long-standing questions about PLDs and provides structural insights into PLD-targeted inhibitor/drug design.

Substances (16)

Materials
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Tamoxifen 10540-29-1 C26H29NO 417 suppliers $27.00-$2595.50
Tamoxifen 10540-29-1 C26H29NO 417 suppliers $27.00-$2595.50
FIPI 939055-18-2 C23H24FN5O2 109 suppliers $44.00-$2691.10
FIPI 939055-18-2 C23H24FN5O2 109 suppliers $44.00-$2691.10
FIPI 939055-18-2 C23H24FN5O2 109 suppliers $44.00-$2691.10
FIPI 939055-18-2 C23H24FN5O2 109 suppliers $44.00-$2691.10
Endoxifen HCl 1032008-74-4 C25H28ClNO2 67 suppliers Inquiry
Endoxifen HCl 1032008-74-4 C25H28ClNO2 67 suppliers Inquiry
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