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Phytomedicine

Phytomedicine

IF: 6.7
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Arenobufagin inhibits lung metastasis of colorectal cancer by targeting c-MYC/Nrf2 axis.

Published:21 February 2024 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155391
Mei Wang , Siyi Hu , Jiawang Yang , Liang Yuan , Limin Han , Feng Liang , Fenglin Zhang , Hailong Zhao , Yun Liu , Ning Gao

Abstract

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide. Metastasis is the most common cause of death in patients with CRC. Arenobufagin is an active component of bufadienolides, extracted from toad skin and parotid venom. Arenobufagin reportedly inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in various cancers. However, the mechanism through which arenobufagin inhibits CRC metastasis remains unclear.

Purpose

This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which arenobufagin inhibits CRC metastasis.

Methods

Wound-healing and transwell assays were used to assess the migration and invasion of CRC cells. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the CRC tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of c-MYC and Nrf2 were detected by immunoblotting. A mouse model of lung metastasis was used to study the effects of arenobufagin on CRC lung metastasis in vivo.

Results

Arenobufagin observably inhibited the migration and invasion of CRC cells by downregulating c-MYC and inactivating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pretreatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol markedly enhanced arenobufagin-mediated inhibition of migration and invasion, whereas pretreatment with the Nrf2 agonist tert?butylhydroquinone significantly attenuated arenobufagin-mediated inhibition of migration and invasion of CRC cells. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown with short hairpin RNA enhanced the arenobufagin-induced inhibition of the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Importantly, c-MYC acts as an upstream modulator of Nrf2 in CRC cells. c-MYC knockdown markedly enhanced arenobufagin-mediated inhibition of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, cell migration, and invasion. Arenobufagin inhibited CRC lung metastasis in vivo. Together, these findings provide evidence that interruption of the c-MYC/Nrf2 signaling pathway is crucial for arenobufagin-inhibited cell metastasis in CRC.

Conclusions

Collectively, our findings show that arenobufagin could be used as a potential anticancer agent against CRC metastasis. The arenobufagin-targeted c-MYC/Nrf2 signaling pathway may be a novel chemotherapeutic strategy for treating CRC.

Substances (10)

Materials Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
tert-Butylhydroquinone 1948-33-0 C10H14O2 837 suppliers $5.00-$2381.00
tert-Butylhydroquinone 1948-33-0 C10H14O2 837 suppliers $5.00-$2381.00
tert-Butylhydroquinone 1948-33-0 C10H14O2 837 suppliers $5.00-$2381.00
tert-Butylhydroquinone 1948-33-0 C10H14O2 837 suppliers $5.00-$2381.00
brusatol 14907-98-3 C26H32O11 178 suppliers $24.00-$2340.00
brusatol 14907-98-3 C26H32O11 178 suppliers $24.00-$2340.00
brusatol 14907-98-3 C26H32O11 178 suppliers $24.00-$2340.00
brusatol 14907-98-3 C26H32O11 178 suppliers $24.00-$2340.00

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