Using electrospun high-strength carbon nanofibers as the aerogel scaffold, high loading of polyaniline in the aerogel was achieved through seed polymerization, forming the core–shell structure fibers and simultaneously connecting the fibers as a stable conductive network.

Combining carbon-based materials with conductive polymers like polyaniline significantly improves shielding performance, achieving electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of up to 84.5 dB and SE d^?1 values greater than 791.2 dB cm³ g?¹. Flame retardancy reduces PHRR by 65.8%, and thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity of 0.104 W m?¹ K?¹.