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Journal of Advanced Research

Journal of Advanced Research

IF: 11.4
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Dissecting the anti-obesity components of ginseng: How ginseng polysaccharides and ginsenosides target gut microbiota to suppress high-fat diet-induced?…

Published:11 December 2024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.002
Han-Yan Luo, Jing Fang, Wei-Hao Zhang, Kam-Chun Chan, Yui-Man Chan, Cai-Xia Dong, Song-Lin Li, Ai-Ping Lyu, Jun Xu

Abstract

Introduction

Ginseng demonstrates therapeutic potential in treating obesity, with both experimental and clinical studies suggesting its anti-obesity effects are mediated by gut microbiota. Nonetheless, the specific chemical components responsible for this effect remain largely unidentified.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of ginseng polysaccharides (GP) and ginsenosides (GS), the primary chemical components of ginseng, with a focus on their impact on gut microbiota.

Methods

The impact of GP and GS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was assessed using a mouse model. Molecular mechanisms were explored through a combination of chemical analysis, metagenomics, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and biochemical assays.

Results

GP or GS administration effectively prevented adiposity in HFD-fed mice, and both effects were mediated by gut microbiota. Chemical analysis revealed diverse glycosyl groups in GP and GS. Metagenomics data suggested that GP-enriched species, e.g., Bacteroides stercorirosoris and Clostridiales bacterium encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes GH35, GH43 and PL9_1, while GS-enriched Sulfurospirillum halorespirans encoded GH16_5. These enzymes facilitated the utilization of glycosyl groups in GP and GS, selectively stimulating bacterial growth and reshaping the gut microbiota. Furthermore, bacterial species enriched by GP or GS encoded specific functional genes involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis (K00625 and K00925 for GP; K18118, K00100, and K18122 for GS) and intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) (K01678, K00024, and K01596 for GP; K18118 and K00278 for GS). Consequently, the SCFA-GLP-1/PYY signaling and IGN were activated by both GP and GS to ameliorate obesity phenotypes.

Conclusion

GP and GS, containing diverse glycosyl groups, selectively stimulate specific gut bacteria, triggering mechanisms involved in SCFA-GLP-1/PYY signaling and IGN activation to reduce adiposity in HFD-fed mice. The study enhances understanding of the chemical components crucial for the gut microbiota-mediated anti-obesity effect of ginseng. The mechanistic understanding provides valuable insights for developing ginseng-based drugs or health products to combat obesity.

Substances (7)

Materials
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
D(+)-Glucose 50-99-7 C6H12O6 1452 suppliers $6.00-$26950.00
Acetonitrile 75-05-8 C2H3N 1115 suppliers $10.00-$61180.00
D-Galactose 59-23-4 C6H12O6 962 suppliers $6.00-$26590.00
Ethanol 64-17-5 C2H6O 955 suppliers $10.00-$28350.00
Methanol 67-56-1 CH4O 895 suppliers $9.00-$7620.00
Paraffin wax 8002-74-2 C21H27NO3 429 suppliers $50.00-$1570.00
galacturonic acid 14982-50-4 C6H10O7 15 suppliers Inquiry

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