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JCI insight

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Inhibition of AhR improves cortical bone and skeletal muscle function via preservation of neuromuscular junctions

Published:15 July 2025 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.192047 PMID: 40663393
Kanglun Yu,?Sagar Vyavahare,?Dima Alhamad,?Husam Bensreti,?Ling Ruan,?Anik Tuladhar,?Caihong Dai,?Joseph C Shaver,?Alok Tripathi,?Kehong Ding,?Rafal Pacholczyk,?Marion A Cooley,?Roger Zhong,?Maribeth H Johnson,?Jie Chen,?Wendy B Bollag,?Carlos M Isales,?William D Hill,?Mark W Hamrick,?Sadanand Fulzele,?Meghan E McGee-Lawrence

Abstract

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is proposed to mediate the frailty-promoting effects of the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine, which increases with age in mice and humans. The goal of the current study was to test whether administration of pharmacological AhR inhibitors, BAY2416964 and CH-223191, could abrogate musculoskeletal decline in aging mice. Female C57BL/6 mice (18 months old) were treated with vehicle (VEH) or 30 mg/kg BAY2416964 (BAY) via daily oral gavage 5 days/week for 8 weeks. A second AhR antagonist, CH-223191, was administered to 16-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice via intraperitoneal injections (3.3 mg/kg) 3 days/week for 12 weeks. While grip strength declined over time in VEH-treated mice, BAY preserved grip strength in part by improving integrity of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), an effect replicated during in vitro studies with siRNA against AhR. Cortical bone mass was also greater in BAY- than VEH-treated mice. Similarly, CH-223191 treatment improved cortical bone and showed beneficial effects in skeletal muscle, including reducing oxidative stress as compared with VEH-treated animals. Transcriptomic and proteomic data from BAY-treated mice supported a positive impact of BAY on molecular targets that affect NMJ function. Taken together, these data support AhR as a therapeutic target for improving musculoskeletal health during aging.

Substances (4)

Materials
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
BAY 2416964 2242464-44-2 C18H18ClN5O3 60 suppliers Inquiry
BAY 2416964 2242464-44-2 C18H18ClN5O3 60 suppliers Inquiry
BAY 2416964 2242464-44-2 C18H18ClN5O3 60 suppliers Inquiry
BAY 2416964 2242464-44-2 C18H18ClN5O3 60 suppliers Inquiry

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