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Science of the Total Environment

Science of the Total Environment

IF: 8.2
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Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium, herbicides commonly used on genetically modified crops, and their interaction with microplastics: Ecotoxicity in anuran tadpoles

Published:15 January 2022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150177 PMID: 34520929
Rafael C. Lajmanovich , Andrés M. Attademo , Germán Lener , Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni , Paola M. Peltzer , Candela S. Martinuzzi , Luisina D. Demonte , María R. Repetti

Abstract

The effects of glyphosate (GLY)-based and glufosinate ammonium (GA)-based herbicides (GBH and GABH, respectively) and polyethylene microplastic particles (PEMPs) on Scinax squalirostris tadpoles were assessed. Tadpoles were exposed to nominal concentrations of both herbicides (from 1.56 to 100?mg?L?1) and PEMPs (60?mg?L?1), either alone or in combination, and toxicity evaluated at 48?h. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CbE), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were analyzed at the three lowest concentrations (1.56, 3.12 and 6.25?mg?L?1, survival rates >85%) of both herbicides alone and with PEMPs. Additionally, the thermochemistry of the interactions between the herbicides and polyethylene (PE) was analyzed by Density Functional Theory (DFT). The median-lethal concentration (LC50) was 43.53?mg?L?1 for GBH, 38.56?mg?L?1 for GBH?+?PEMPs, 7.69 for GABH, and 6.25?mg?L?1 for GABH+PEMPs. The PEMP treatment increased GST but decreased CbE activity, whereas GBH and GABH treatments increased GST but decreased AChE activity. In general, the mixture of herbicides with PEMPs increased the effect observed in the individual treatments: the highest concentration of GBH?+?PEMPs increased GST activity, whereas GABH+PEMP treatments decreased both AChE and CbE activities. DFT analysis revealed spontaneous interactions between the herbicides and PE, leading to the formation of bonds at the herbicide-PE interface, significantly stronger for GA than for GLY. The experimental and theoretical findings of our study indicate that these interactions may lead to an increase in toxicity when pollutants are together, meaning potential environmental risk of these combinations, especially in the case of GA.

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Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Glyphosate 1071-83-6 C3H8NO5P 695 suppliers $27.00-$460.00
Polyethylene 9002-88-4 (C2H4)n 643 suppliers $14.10-$3520.00
Glufosinate-ammonium 77182-82-2 C5H18N3O4P 370 suppliers $8.00-$1137.79
VIABLE CELL DENSITY 5 suppliers Inquiry

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