Discovery of nor-bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols possessing diverse architectures with anti-hepatoma activities from Hypericum patulum
Abstract
Five new 2-nor-bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (BPAPs), norhyperpalums A–E (1–5), three new 2,3-nor-BPAPs, norhyperpalums F–H (8–10), one new 2,3,4-nor-BPAP (13), and four known analogs (6, 7, 11 and 12) were obtained from Hypericum patulum. Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and comparisons, quantum-chemical 13C NMR calculations with DP4?+?probability analysis, the modified Mosher’s method, Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD, and X-ray crystallographic data. Norhyperpalums A–E (1–5) are rare 2-nor-BPAPs bearing a 6/5/5 system based on a hexacyclic-fused 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane core, and norhyperpalums F and G (8 and 9) exhibit an unusual 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane architecture. More significantly, compound 2 displayed pronounced cytotoxicities against hepatoma cell lines by the induction of S-phase cell cycle arrest and promotion of cell apoptosis.