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Nature genetics

Nature genetics

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Cilia-driven cerebrospinal fluid flow directs expression of urotensin neuropeptides to straighten the vertebrate body axis

Published:12 November 2018 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0260-3 PMID: 30420648
Xiaoli Zhang, Shuo Jia, Zhe Chen, Yan Ling Chong, Haibo Xie, Dong Feng, Xiaotong Wu, Don Zhu Song, Sudipto Roy, Chengtian Zhao

Abstract

Straightening of the body axis is a major morphogenetic event that produces the typical head-to-tail shape of the vertebrate embryo. Defects in axial straightening can lead to debilitating disorders such as idiopathic scoliosis, characterized by three-dimensional curvatures of the spine1. Although abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow has been implicated in the development of idiopathic scoliosis2, the molecular mechanisms operating downstream of CSF flow remain obscure. Here we show that, in zebrafish embryos, cilia-driven CSF flow transports adrenergic signals that induce urotensin neuropeptides in CSF-contacting neurons along the spinal cord. Urotensins activate their receptor on slow-twitch muscle fibers of the dorsal somite; the contraction of these fibers likely results in straightening of the body axis. Consistent with this, mutation of the urotensin receptor resulted in severe scoliosis in adult zebrafish, closely mimicking the human disorder. These findings suggest that disruption of urotensin signaling by impaired CSF flow could be a critical etiological factor underlying the pathology of idiopathic scoliosis. In zebrafish, cilia-driven flow of cerebrospinal fluid transports adrenergic signals that induce urotensin neuropeptides in spinal cord neurons. In turn, these neuropeptides activate their receptor on nearby muscle fibers, straightening the body axis.

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