一二三四区视频,亚洲少妇熟女色,日本久热无码视频网,欧美国产日韩大尺度,亚洲a视频,久久少妇一区二区,日韩999无码视频,刺激久久久久久久,啊啊啊啊不要啊在线

ChemicalBook >> journal list >> Pharmacological research >>article
Pharmacological research

Pharmacological research

IF: 9.1
Download PDF

Unraveling the metabolic pathway of choline-TMA-TMAO: Effects of gypenosides and implications for the therapy of TMAO related diseases

Published:1 November 2021 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105884 PMID: 34530121
Qiao Zhang , Xiaomin Guo , Cao Xie , Zhonglian Cao , Xin Wang , Li Liu , Ping Yang

Abstract

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has emerged as a promising new therapeutic target for the treatment of central nervous system diseases, atherosclerosis and other diseases. However, its origin in the brain is unclear. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino can reduce the increase of TMAO level caused by a high fat diet. But its effective chemical composition and specific mechanism have not been reported. The study confirmed that TMA was more easily to penetrate blood brain barrier than TMAO, the MAO enzyme was partly involved in the transformation of the TMA in brain, which further supplemented the choline-TMA-TMAO pathway. Based on the above metabolic pathway, using multi-omics approaches, such as microbiodiversity, metagenomics and lipidomics, it was demonstrated that the reduction of plasma TMAO levels by gypenosides did not act on FMO3 and MAO in the pathway, but remodeled the microbiota and affected the trimethylamine lyase needed in the conversion of choline to TMA in intestinal flora. At the same time, gypenosides interfered with enzymes associated with TCA and lipid metabolism, thus affecting TMAO and lipid metabolism. Considering the bidirectional transformation of phosphatidycholine and choline, lipid metabolism and TMAO metabolism could affected each other to some extent. In conclusion, our study revealed the intrinsic correlation between long-term application of gypenosides to lipid reduction and nervous system protection, and explained why gypenosides were used to treat brain diseases, even though they had a poor ability to enter the brain. Besides, it provided a theoretical basis for clinical application of gypenosides and the development of new drugs.

Substances (5)

Materials Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Pargyline 555-57-7 C11H13N 128 suppliers $29.00-$1431.65
Pargyline 555-57-7 C11H13N 128 suppliers $29.00-$1431.65
Pargyline 555-57-7 C11H13N 128 suppliers $29.00-$1431.65
Pargyline 555-57-7 C11H13N 128 suppliers $29.00-$1431.65

Similar articles

IF:4.3

The Pharmacological Effect of Hemin in Inflammatory-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Jo?o Estarreja, Gon?alo Caldeira,etc Published: 18 April 2024
IF:0

Choline Supplementation in Pregnancy: Current Evidence and Implications

Cureus Arpita Jaiswal, Deepika Dewani,etc Published: 8 November 2023
IF:5.4

Protective effects and mechanism of puerarin targeting PI3K/Akt signal pathway on neurological diseases.

ACS Applied Energy Materials Qian Wang, Zi-Nuo Shen,etc Published: 24 October 2022
渭南市| 额尔古纳市| 塘沽区| 和静县| 哈巴河县| 汾西县| 锡林浩特市| 来安县| 灵丘县| 凌源市| 沁阳市| 大竹县| 濮阳县| 吐鲁番市| 沭阳县| 金沙县| 望江县| 河北区| 叙永县| 苏尼特左旗| 长沙市| 乐山市| 磐安县| 合山市| 铜梁县| 海盐县| 青河县| 巴中市| 青州市| 江油市| 拉萨市| 海原县| 长海县| 汕头市| 奉新县| 广州市| 祁东县| 延吉市| 兰考县| 南陵县| 方正县|