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Journal of Occupational Health

Journal of Occupational Health

IF: 2.6
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Allyl nitrile: Toxicity and health effects

Published:20 March 2017 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0147-RA
Hideji Tanii

Abstract

Objectives

Allyl nitrile (3-butenenitrile) occurs naturally in the environment, in particular, in cruciferous vegetables, indicating a possible daily intake of the compound. There is no report on actual health effects of allyl nitrile in humans, although it is possible that individualsinthe environment areat a riskof exposureto allyl nitrile. However, little is known about its quantitative assessment for the environment and bioactivity in the body. This study provides a review of previous accumulated studies on allyl nitrile.

Methods

Published literature on allyl nitrile was examined for findings on toxicity, metabolism, risk of various cancers, generation, intake estimates, and low-dose effects in the body.

Results

High doses of allyl nitrile produce toxicity characterized by behavioral abnormalities, which are considered to be produced by an active metabolite, 3,4-epoxybutyronitrile. Cruciferous vegetables have been shown to have a potential role in reducing various cancers. Hydrolysis of the glucosinolate sinigrin, rich in cruciferous vegetables, results in the generation of allyl nitrile. An intake of allyl nitrile is estimated at 0.12 μmol/kg body weight in Japan. Repeated exposure to low doses of allyl nitrile upregulates antioxidant/phase II enzymes in various tissues; this may contribute to a reduction in neurotoxicity and skin inflammation. These high and low doses are far more than the intake estimate.

Conclusion

Allyl nitrile in the environment is a compound with diverse bioactivitiesin the body, characterizedbyinducing behavioral abnormalitiesathigh doses and some antioxidant/phaseII enzymes at low doses.

Substances (2)

Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
SINIGRIN 3952-98-5 C10H17NO9S2.K 234 suppliers $53.00-$2245.70
3-Butenenitrile 109-75-1 C4H5N 170 suppliers $9.00-$1012.72

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