O-3-???-3-???-??-D-???????-(1→6)-O-[2,6-????-2,3,6-?????-??-D-??????-(1→4)]-2-???-D- ??

O-3-???-3-???-??-D-???????-(1→6)-O-[2,6-????-2,3,6-?????-??-D-??????-(1→4)]-2-???-D- MSDS

Tobramycin

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Tobramycin is one component (factor 6) of a mixture produced by fermentation of Streptomyces tenebrari us. Lacking the C-3′ hydroxyl group, it is not a substrate for APH(3′)-1 and APH(3′)-II and so has an intrinsically broader spectrum than kanamycin. It is a substrate, however, for adenylation at C-2′ by ANT (2′) and acetylation at C-3 by AAC(3)-I and AAC(3)-II and at C-2′ by AAC(2′).

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White or almost white powder.

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Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic.

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ChEBI: A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.

Indications

Tobramycin is highly active with respect to Gram-negative microorganisms (blue-pus bacillus and gastric bacilli, rabbit fever, serratia, providencia, enterobacteria, proteus, salmonella, shigella), as well as Gram-positive microorganisms (staphylococci, including those resistant to penicillin and some cephalosporins), and a few strains of streptococci.
It is used for severe bacterial infections: peritonitis, sepsis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, pleural empyema, pulmonary abscess, purulent skin infections and soft tissue infections, and infections of the urinary tract caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to the drug. Synonyms of this drug are nebicine, obracine, and others.

Antimicrobial activity

In-vitro activity against Ps. aeruginosa is usually somewhat greater than that of gentamicin; against other organisms activity is similar or a little lower. Other Pseudomonas species are generally resistant, as are streptococci and most anaerobic bacteria. Other organisms usually susceptible in vitro include Acinetobacter, Legionella and Yersinia spp. Alkaligenes, Flavobacterium spp. and Mycobacterium spp. are resistant. It exhibits bactericidal activity at concentrations close to the MIC and bactericidal synergy typical of aminoglycosides in combination with penicillins or cephalosporins.

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It is inactivated by many aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that inactivate gentamicin. However, AAC(3′)-I does not confer tobramycin resistance and AAC(3′)-II confers a lower degree of tobramycin resistance than of gentamicin resistance. Conversely, ANT(4′) confers tobramycin but not gentamicin resistance, as do some types of AAC(6′). Overproduction of APH(3′), conferring a low degree of resistance to tobramycin (MIC 8 mg/L), but not gentamicin (MIC 2 mg/L), was ascribed to ‘trapping’ rather than phosphorylation.
Resistance rates are generally similar to those of gentamicin, although they may vary locally because of the prevalence of particular enzyme types.

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Pharmacologically, tobramycin is quite similar to gentamicin. The drug is somewhat more active against Ps. aeruginosa than gentamicin. Tobramycin also acts synergistically with penicillin, but to a lesser degree than gentamicin.

Clinical Use

Severe infections caused by susceptible micro-organisms Ps. aeruginosa infections, including chronic pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (administration by injection or nebulizer)
For practical purposes use is identical to that of gentamicin, except possibly for Pseudomonas infection, where it has somewhat greater activity against gentamicin-susceptible and some gentamicin-resistant strains. Its value as a substitute for gentamicin in the speculative treatment of severe undiagnosed infection is offset by its lower activity against other organisms that may be implicated.
It has been used extensively to treat Ps. aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.

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O-3-???-3-???-??-D-???????-(1→6)-O-[2,6-????-2,3,6-?????-??-D-??????-(1→4)]-2-???-D- ?? ??

???	??	???	??	?? ?	??
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8615350571055	Sibel@chuanghaibio.com	China	8738	58
Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-27-59207850	info@fortunachem.com	China	5982	58
Hangzhou Hyper Chemicals Limited	+86-0086-57187702781 +8613675893055	info@hyper-chem.com	China	310	58
Shaanxi TNJONE Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd	+8618092446649	sarah@tnjone.com	China	1143	58
Apeloa production Co.,Limited	+8619933239880	admin@apcl.com.cn	China	861	58
Shaanxi Xianhe Biotech Co., Ltd	+86-17709210191; +8617709210191	Jerry@xhobio.com	China	906	58
Hebei Zhuanglai Chemical Trading Co Ltd	+86-16264648883	niki@zlchemi.com	China	7245	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21587	55
BOC Sciences	+1-631-485-4226	inquiry@bocsci.com	United States	19936	58
Hebei shuoxi biotechnology co. LTD	+8613081092107		CHINA	964	58

O-3-???-3-???-??-D-???????-(1→6)-O-[2,6-????-2,3,6-?????-??-D-??????-(1→4)]-2-???-D- ?? ??: