|
|
| | Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate Basic information |
| Product Name: | Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate | | Synonyms: | methanamineoxide,n,n-dimethyl,dihydrate;n,n-dimethylmethanamineoxide,dihydrate;trimethylammoniumoxidhydrat;TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE DIHYDRATE;TrimethylamineN-oxidedihydrate,98%;TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE DIHYDRA;Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide, dihydrate;Trimethylamine-N-oxide 2-hydrate | | CAS: | 62637-93-8 | | MF: | C3H13NO3 | | MW: | 111.14 | | EINECS: | 678-501-4 | | Product Categories: | Amines;Catalyst;Oxidation;Synthetic Organic Chemistry;bc0001 | | Mol File: | 62637-93-8.mol |  |
| | Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 95-99 °C(lit.) | | Fp | 95 °C | | storage temp. | Sealed in dry,Room Temperature | | solubility | DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Sparingly) | | form | Fine Crystalline Powder | | color | White to off-white | | Water Solubility | Soluble in water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol. Sparingly soluble in hot chloroform. Insoluble in diethyl ether, benzene and hydrocarbon solvents. | | Merck | 14,9711 | | BRN | 3612927 | | Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | FRAGRANCE
HUMECTANT | | InChI | InChI=1S/C3H9NO.2H2O/c1-4(2,3)5;;/h1-3H3;2*1H2 | | InChIKey | PGFPZGKEDZGJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | SMILES | [N+]([O-])(C)(C)C.O.O | | CAS DataBase Reference | 62637-93-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Hazard Codes | Xi,Xn | | Risk Statements | 36/38-20/21/22 | | Safety Statements | 26-36-37/39 | | WGK Germany | 2 | | RTECS | YH2850000 | | F | 4.10 | | TSCA | Yes | | HS Code | 29211990 | | Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids | | Hazard Classifications | Eye Irrit. 2
Skin Irrit. 2 |
| | Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | white crystalline powder | | Uses | Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate is used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis. It is also used to make quaternary ammonium compounds and a warning agent for flammable gas. Further, it acts as a flavoring agent or adjuvant. It serves as an oxidant for the catalytic osmium tetraoxide cis-hydroxylation of hindered olefins. In addition to this, it is used as a reactant for C-H bond cleavage and decarbonylating agent for solvent-free reactions. | | Uses | Trimethylamine N-Oxide Dihydrate is as an oxygen transfer agent used to promote heterometallic cluster catalyzing coordinative hydrogenation. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Dihydrate is also used as a catalyst in the preparation of thermally stable TiO2 nanorod incorporated polymers and semiconductor/metal nanocomposites. | | Uses | Oxidizing reagent in organic synthesis. | | General Description | Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an amphiphilic osmolyte that can counteract the denaturing effects of urea, pressure, and ice and stabilize the proteins. | | reaction suitability | reagent type: oxidant | | in vivo | Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) dihydrate contributes to cardiovascular diseases by promoting inflammatory responses. C57BL/6 mice are fed a normal diet, high-choline diet and/or 3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) diet. The levels of Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate and choline are increased in choline-fed mice. Left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, and diastolic dysfunction are markedly exacerbated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) mice fed high-choline diets compared with mice fed the control diet. Myocardial fibrosis and inflammation were markedly increased in HFpEF mice fed high-choline diets compared with animals fed the control diet[1].
Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) can be used in animal modeling to construct models of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases[1].
Induction of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
Background
Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) stimulated cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by increased cell area of cardiomyocytes and expression of hypertrophic markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). Additionally, Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in SD rats[2].
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rats: Wistar male weighing 200-250 g[1]
Administration: 100 μM and 1 mM perfusion or incubation in TMAO-containing buffer solution incubated for 1 h[1]
Mice: CD-1 male weighing 25-30 g 6-8 weeks of age[1]
Administration: 120 mg/kg mixed with drinking water a single dose or daily for 7 days[1]
Note
(1)Rat hearts were perfused, and aortic rings from each experimental animal were immersed in K+-H+ buffer solution with or without the addition of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) (100 μM final concentration). After 1 h of perfusion or incubation, the tissue samples were washed to eliminate the residues of TMAO-containing buffer solution and further homogenized with water in an OMNI Bead Ruptor 24 at a w/v ratio of 1:10[1].
(2)All experimental animals were housed under standard conditions (21-23℃, 12-hour light/dark cycle, relative humidity 45-65%) with unlimited access to food (R70 diet) and water[1].
(3)The mice from the first experimental group received Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A) at a dose of 10 μg/mouse, but the animals from the second group received Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A) and Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) at doses of 10 μg/mouse and 120 mg/kg, respectively. After 30 min, the experimental animals were anesthetized with isoflurane once more to record the cardiac response to acute cardiac stress and the impact of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) on the inotropic and chronotropic effects. For the next seven days, the mice in the second group received Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) together with drinking water at a dose of 120 mg/kg, while the animals from the first group received pure drinking water[1].
Modeling Indicators
Molecular changes: The addition of 100 μM Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) to the buffer solution increased the content of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) in cardiac tissue by three and in the aortic rings by two points five times[1].
Pathology change: Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) had no influence on Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A)-induced increase on left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening and heart rate[1].
Histological analysis: Promote myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation in a model of cardiovascular disease (CVD)[3].
Correlated Product(s):Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A) 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (HY-W012977) | | IC 50 | Human Endogenous Metabolite; NLRP3; Microbial Metabolite |
| | Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate Preparation Products And Raw materials |
|