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Handbook of experimental pharmacology

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Synthetic anabolic agents: steroids and nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators.

Published:1 January 2010 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_5 PMID: 20020362
Mario Thevis, Wilhelm Sch?nzer

Abstract

The central role of testosterone in the development of male characteristics, as well as its beneficial effects on physical performance and muscle growth, has led to the search for synthetic alternatives with improved pharmacological profiles. Hundreds of steroidal analogs have been prepared with a superior oral bioavailability, which should also possess reduced undesirable effects. However, only a few entered the pharmaceutical market due to severe toxicological incidences that were mainly attributed to the lack of tissue selectivity. Prominent representatives of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are for instance methyltestosterone, metandienone and stanozolol, which are discussed as model compounds with regard to general pharmacological aspects of synthetic AAS. Recently, nonsteroidal alternatives to AAS have been developed that selectively activate the androgen receptor in either muscle tissue or bones. These so-called selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are currently undergoing late clinical trials (IIb) and will be prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency from January 2008. Their entirely synthetic structures are barely related to steroids, but particular functional groups allow for the tissue-selective activation or inhibition of androgen receptors and, thus, the stimulation of muscle growth without the risk of severe undesirable effects commonly observed in steroid replacement therapies. Hence, these compounds possess a high potential for misuse in sports and will be the subject of future doping control assays.

Substances (6)

Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Testosterone 58-22-0 C19H28O2 501 suppliers $25.00-$623.00
Stanozolol 10418-03-8 C21H32N2O 373 suppliers $44.00-$1146.05
Metandienone 72-63-9 C20H28O2 313 suppliers $32.00-$186.00
17a-Methyl-1-testosterone 65-04-3 C20H30O2 107 suppliers $141.00-$498.44
AC-262,356 871032-12-1 C18H18N2O 12 suppliers Inquiry
Androgen Receptor Peptide 7 suppliers Inquiry

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