一二三四区视频,亚洲少妇熟女色,日本久热无码视频网,欧美国产日韩大尺度,亚洲a视频,久久少妇一区二区,日韩999无码视频,刺激久久久久久久,啊啊啊啊不要啊在线

ChemicalBook >> journal list >> Postgraduate Medicine >>article
Postgraduate Medicine

Postgraduate Medicine

IF: 2.6
Download PDF

Bioequivalence of diclofenac sodium 2% and 1.5% topical solutions relative to oral diclofenac sodium in healthy volunteers.

Published:1 August 2015 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1058689 PMID: 26077436
Robert J Holt, Tolu Taiwo, Jeffrey D Kent

Abstract

Background: Topical formulations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally considered to be safer alternatives to oral NSAIDs due to lower systemic absorption. We conducted randomized, crossover studies that compared the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence and safety of topical diclofenac sodium 2% twice daily (BID), diclofenac sodium 1.5% four times daily (QID) and oral diclofenac sodium in healthy subjects.

Methods: The results of three bioequivalence studies are reviewed. Healthy adult subjects (n = 76) applied topical diclofenac sodium 2% solution (40.4 mg/2 mL) BID; or 1.5% solution (19.3 mg/40 drops) QID to each knee for 7.5 consecutive days separated by a washout period. Subjects (n = 22) in one study also received oral diclofenac sodium 75 mg BID for 7.5 days. Plasma diclofenac concentrations were determined from serial blood samples collected on Days 1 and 8 (steady state), and diclofenac PK parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods.

Results: The studies demonstrated comparable bioequivalence between the 2% and 1.5% topical solutions as well as lower systemic exposure compared to oral dosing (approximately 93% less). Daily systemic exposure was comparable between the two formulations with only a 12% difference in the AUCss(0-24) (p = 0.140). Furthermore, both topical solutions demonstrated delayed elimination with a t(1/2) of 4- to 6-fold longer, as compared to oral diclofenac. The 2% solution provided more consistent dosing relative to the 1.5% solution when comparing AUCss(0-24) and Cmaxss across studies. Mild application site reactions were the most common treatment-emergent adverse event reported with topical diclofenac.

Conclusions: The steady-state PK profile of topical diclofenac 2% solution administered BID is similar to that of the 1.5% solution administered QID. Systemic exposure to diclofenac is substantially lower after topical application as compared to oral administration. (Study 2 was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01202799; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=01202799&Search=Search).

Substances (1)

Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Diclofenac sodium 15307-79-6 C14H10Cl2NNaO2 1016 suppliers $14.00-$3326.40

Similar articles

IF:1

Anaphylactic Shock After Intramuscular Diclofenac Sodium: A Case Report.

Cureus Debashis P Sahoo,?Bhupen Barman,etc Published: 29 February 2024
IF:2.9

A critical review of the relative anticaries efficacy of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices.

Caries Research G K Stookey, P F DePaola,etc Published: 1 January 1993
宁津县| 客服| 定南县| 巧家县| 遂宁市| 柳江县| 密山市| 元阳县| 新竹县| 秦安县| 渑池县| 浙江省| 唐海县| 兴义市| 庄浪县| 佛山市| 怀化市| 喜德县| 都昌县| 余姚市| 尼玛县| 皮山县| 台东市| 石阡县| 乐业县| 大厂| 衡东县| 塔河县| 温泉县| 深圳市| 宜黄县| 富宁县| 健康| 华亭县| 凉城县| 武陟县| 台中市| 德惠市| 池州市| 菏泽市| 汉沽区|