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ChemicalBook CAS DataBase List Platinum
7440-06-4

Platinum synthesis

3synthesis methods
Platinum is obtained mainly from copper and nickel ores, and platinum alloys and by recovery from the catalyst and other waste. The main stages of platinum production include extraction of the precious metal concentrate from the ore followed by separation through a complex refining process, during which the concentrate is dissolved in aqua regia, and the platinum is precipitated in the form of ammonium(IV) hexachloroplatinate. The precipitate is then calcinated at 600–700 °C to give platinum sponge, which is then hardened by melting at high temperatures, such as in the electric arc. The resultant gray platinum sponge contains 99.95–99.9% pure metal. Another method of platinum production involves its reduction to metal from the aqueous platinum salts by zinc, magnesium, iron, or aluminum. Similar procedures are used to recover platinum from the catalytic converters and other waste. The hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid produced by treating platinum with aqua regia is an important chemical platinum compound used to obtain various platinum salts.
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Yield:-

Reaction Conditions:

with hydrogen in acetic acid; under 760.051 Torr; for 1.5 h;

Steps:

I.A EXAMPLE I

A) 10-Hydroxycamptothecin was prepared by subjecting camptothecin (3.2 g 0.0092 mol), 0.8 g of Pt0 (prepared by pre-reduction of 8 g of amorphous PtO2 in 80 ml of HOAc for 1.5 hr under 1 atmosphere hydrogen pressure) and acetic acid to 1 atm. of H2 for 8.5 h after which theoretical amount of H2 absorbed (slightly more than 0.4 l) and uptake of H2 gets slowed down The reaction mixture was degassed under steam of Helium and filtered through celite and washed with HOAc (20 ml). The resulting solution of 1, 2, 6, 7 tetrahydroxy-camptothecin was treated immediately with Pb (OAc)4 (6.4 g 0.014 mol) in portions and reaction mixture, stirred vigorously under Helium for 30 min. Gumy residue was obtained on evaporation of solvent which was triturated with cold water (100 ml) to produce light brown solid. The solid was collected, washed with cold water and air dried overnight when a mixture of 10-HCPT (44%), 10-AcHOCPT (26%) and unreacted CPT (32%) on HPLC basis was obtained. This crude mixture was combined with 150 ml of 50% HOAc and heated under reflux conditions overnight The reaction mixture was cooled, concentrated to 20 ml and treated with cold water (100 ml) to produce precipitate, which is filtered, washed with more cold water and dried to afford 2.1 g of solid containing HCPT (70%) AcCPT (1.2%) and CPT (21.3%) on the basis HPLC. Mixture was triturating with 0.5% aq HCl to dissolve the water-soluble. When insoluble CPT was removed by filtration. Water-soluble was extracted with chloroform and crystallized from boiling solution of 20% of MeOH in CHCl3 by adding EtOAC dropwise until turbidity appeared to obtain pure yellow HCPT which gives orange colored spot on TLC (CHCl3, acetone, MeOH 7:2:1), C20H16N2O5 (m/s 364), mp 268-270° C. UV. λmax. 222, 266, 330 and 382 IR (KBr) 3480 (OH), 1740 (Lactone) and 1655 (pyridone) cm-1; 1H NMR 0.88 (t, 3, C-18), 1.85 (m, 2, C-19 CH3), 5.35 (s, 2, C-17), 6.40 (s, C-20 OH), 7.22 (s, 1H, C-14), 7.28 (m, C-11 and C-12), 7.26 (d, 1, C-9), 8.38 (1, s, C-7), 10.3 (s, br, C-10 OH).

References:

US6660861,2003,B1 Location in patent:Page column 4, 5

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